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8AP Science > EcoSystems > Flashcards

EcoSystems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

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2
Q

Producers/autotrophs

A

Organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph

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3
Q

Chemical reaction for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water -light and chlorophyll > glucose + oxygen

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4
Q

Chemical reaction for photosynthesis in chemical symbols

A

6CO2 + 6H2O - light and chlorophyll > C6H12O6 + 6O2

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5
Q

Process of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts contains Grana contains Chlorophyll absorbs Light energy used to make Glucose

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6
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

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7
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Tri Phosphate

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8
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

The chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy.

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9
Q

Glycolysis

A

Process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released.

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10
Q

Cytosol

A

The fluid found inside cells

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11
Q

Krebs cycle

A

Part of the aerobic respiration process in which carbon dioxide and ATP (energy) are produced.

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12
Q

Electron transport chain reactions

A

Part of the aerobic process.

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13
Q

Mitochondria

A

Small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes.

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14
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

The chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in cells and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.

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15
Q

Lactic acid

A

An end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate

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16
Q

Ethanol

A

An end product of anaerobic respiration in plants; a form of alcohol.

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17
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Organisms that can respire only anaerobically in the absence of oxygen.

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18
Q

Organism

A

Living thing

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19
Q

Species

A

A group of living organisms capable of interbreeding with each other but not with members of other species.

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20
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at a particular time.

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21
Q

Community

A

More than one population living in the same area at a particular time.

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22
Q

Ecosystem

A

Communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment.

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23
Q

Ecology

A

The study of ecosystems

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24
Q

Producers/autotroph

A

Organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms

25
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials.

26
Q

Consumers/heterotroph

A

Organisms that relies on other organisms for its food

27
Q

Primary consumers/first-order consumer

A

The first consumer in a food chain (in the second trophic level).

28
Q

Herbivores

A

Animal that eats only plants

29
Q

Carnivores

A

An animals that eats other animals

30
Q

Omnivores

A

Animal that eats plants and other animals

31
Q

Decomposers/Detrivores

A

Animal that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter.

32
Q

Ecological niche

A

The position of a species or population in its ecosystem in relation to each other.

33
Q

Competition

A

The struggle among organisms for food, territory, and other factors.

34
Q

Parasitism

A

An interaction in which one species (parasite) lives in or on another species from which it obtains food, shelter, and other requirements.

35
Q

Mutualism

A

Relationship between two different organisms in which both benefit.

36
Q

Commensalism

A

Relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected.

37
Q

Interspecific competition

A

Competition between organisms of the same species.

38
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Competition between organisms of different species.

39
Q

Predator-prey relationship

A

Relationship between organisms in which one species kills and eats another species.

40
Q

Symbiotic relationships

A

Very close relationship between two organisms of different species. It may benefit or harm one of the partners.

41
Q

What is the difference between a decomposer and a detrivore?

A

A decomposer comes in the form of fungi or bacteria, whereas a detrivore can come in other forms like a worm, and they consume the waste of organisms

42
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

Describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light.

43
Q

Food chains

A

Diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another.

44
Q

Food webs

A

Diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food.

45
Q

Trophic level

A

A level within a food chain, food web, or food pyramid.

46
Q

Secondary consumer/second-order consumer

A

The second consumer in a food chain (in the third trophic level).

47
Q

Energy pyramid

A

A representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain.

48
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

A representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain.

49
Q

Pyramid of biomass

A

A representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain.

50
Q

Birth rate

A

The number of organisms within a population that are born within a particular period of time.

51
Q

Death rate

A

The number of organisms within a population that die within a particular period of time.

52
Q

Immigration

A

The number of individuals moving into an area.

53
Q

Emigration

A

The number of individuals leaving an area.

54
Q

Exponential growth

A

A rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph.

55
Q

Sigmoid

A

The shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau.

56
Q

Equilibrium

A

A state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as a steady state or plateau phase.

57
Q

Zero population growth

A

The point at which birth and death rates balance each other out.

58
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain.

59
Q

Predation

A

An interaction between animal species where one animal kills and eats the other

8AP Science (10 decks)

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