The Nervous System

Question 1

Central nervous system

Answer 1

The brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

The nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

Question 3

Neurons

Answer 3

Nerve cells that make up the nervous system

Question 4

Nerves

Answer 4

Neurons grouped together

Question 5

Sensory neurons

Answer 5

Carries the impulse generated by the stimulus to the central nervous system

Question 6

Interneurons

Answer 6

Carries the impulse through the central nervous system

Question 7

Motor neurons

Answer 7

Carries the impulse to effectors such as muscles or glands

Question 8

Reflex action

Answer 8

An action that is carried out quickly and are done without thinking

Question 9

Conscious response

Answer 9

An action that you need to think to do

Question 10

Cell body

Answer 10

Contains the nucleus of a neuron

Question 11

Dendrites

Answer 11

Structure that relays information towards the cell body of a neuron

Question 12

Axon

Answer 12

An appendage of the neuron that nervous impulses travel along to the next neuron or to an effector.

Question 13

Myelin

Answer 13

A fatty, white substance that encases the axons of the neurons in the nervous system.

Question 14

Synapse

Answer 14

A gap between neurons

Question 15

Neurotransmitter

Answer 15

The brain chemicals that communicate information throughout our brain and body.

Question 16

What is the stimulus-response model?

Answer 16

Stimulus -> Receptor -> Control Centre -> Effector -> Response

Question 17

Homeostasis

Answer 17

The process of the body keeping certain factors within narrow limits (e.g. Body temperature)

Question 18

Somatic nervous system

Answer 18

Collects information through sensory organs. It also coordinates movement of the body.

Question 19

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 19

Controls unconscious reactions and regulates bodily function

Question 20

Nerve impulse

Answer 20

The electrical message carried by a nerve cell

Question 21

Synaptic cleft

Answer 21

A small space the separates two neurons (also known as a synapse)

Question 22

Synaptic transmission

Answer 22

The process that neurons use to communicate

Question 23

Name the four receptors and give an example

Answer 23

Photoreceptors:eye
Thermoreceptors:heat, skin
Chemoreceptors: nose, tongue
Mechanoreceptors:pressure, ear, tooth

Question 24

Negative feedback vs positive feedback

Answer 24

Negative feedback is when the body fights the problem, whereas the positive feedback is when the body amplifies the effect to prevent it from becoming an issue.

Question 25

What is the cerebrum and what is its function?

Answer 25

The largest part of the brain, and it is the most important, controlling the senses as well as speech, emotions, and learning.

Question 26

What is the cerebellum and what is its function?

Answer 26

The part that sits under the cerebrum, and it coordinates movement and balance.

Question 27

What is the brain stem and its function?

Answer 27

It connects the rest of the brain to the spinal cord. It also performs automatic functions including heart rate, breathing, and body temperature.

Question 28

Endocrine system

Answer 28

A system in the body in which hormones are transported, transformed and developed over a long period of time.