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8AP Science > Exam Revision - Definitions > Flashcards

Exam Revision - Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

The helium nucleus emitted when an unstable larger nucleus decays

A

Alpha particle

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2
Q

Equal to the number of protons in the nucleus (and is the same for every atom of the same element).

A

Atomic Number

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3
Q

A stream of particles and/or energy from a radioactive source.

A

Radiation

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4
Q

A particle found in the nucleus of an atom that does not have an electrical charge.

A

Neutron

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5
Q

A particle found inside an atom, such as a proton, neutron or an electron.

A

Subatomic Particles

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6
Q

A reaction that is self-sustaining as a result of the one step starting another.

A

Chain reaction

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7
Q

The time it takes for half of an isotope to decay.

A

Half-life

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8
Q

The splitting of a nucleus into two smaller pieces.

A

Nuclear fission

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9
Q

A process where atoms rearrange to form a new substance.

A

Chemical reaction

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10
Q

A written representation of a chemical reaction.

A

Chemical equation

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11
Q

A substance that comes out of (is made from) a chemical reaction.

A

Product

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12
Q

A substance that is put into a chemical reaction.

A

Reactant

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13
Q

A chemical equation that uses the chemical symbols to represent the chemical reaction.

A

Formula Equation

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14
Q

A universal law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed.

A

Conservation of mass

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15
Q

A chemical reaction that happens without the input of energy.

A

Spontaneous

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16
Q

A chemical equation that does not have the same amount and type of atoms in the reactants and the products.

A

Unbalanced

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17
Q

A substance that changes colour under different acidic/basic conditions.

A

Indicator

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18
Q

A chemical reaction in which a fuel reacts with oxygen and produces heat as one of the products.

A

Combustion

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19
Q

A chemical compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen.

A

Hydrocarbon

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20
Q

A chemical reaction that takes in heat energy.

A

Endothermic

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21
Q

Reaction of a substance with oxygen.

A

Oxidation

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22
Q

The phenomenon whereby gases in the Earth’s atmosphere trap heat energy.

A

Greenhouse effect.

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23
Q

Storing carbon dioxide in geological formations.

A

Geosequestration

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24
Q

A circuit which has multiple loops.

A

Parallel circuit

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25
Q

The device used to measure the difference in potential energy between two points in a circuit.

A

Voltmeter

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26
Q

The unit of resistance.

A

Ohm

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27
Q

An energy source which converts stored chemical potential energy to electrical energy.

A

Battery

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28
Q

The point where the battery connects to the circuit.

A

Electrode

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29
Q

A battery which contains a liquid electrolyte.

A

Wet cell battery

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30
Q

A material which does not allow an electric current s through it.

A

Insulator

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31
Q

A wave where the particles in the medium vibrate at right angles to, the direction the wave is travelling in.

A

Transverse wave

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32
Q

A region which contains no particles.

A

Vacuum

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33
Q

The angle between the reflected ray and the normal.

A

Angle of reflection

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34
Q

An image which is larger than the object.

A

Enlarged image

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35
Q

A curved piece of transparent material which focuses light to produce an image.

A

Lens

36
Q

Material which light can be transmitted through.

A

Transparent material.

37
Q

Material in which some light is reflected and some passes through.

A

Translucent material

38
Q

Material in which no light passes through as it is either absorbed or reflected.

A

Opaque material.

39
Q

An image which forms when light rays actually cross.

A

Real image

40
Q

The measure of how easily light travels through different media.

A

Refractive index

41
Q

A flat mirror.

A

Plane mirror

42
Q

The number of crests which pass a certain point in one second.

A

Frequency

43
Q

An image which is smaller than the object.

A

Diminished image.

44
Q

A lens which curves inwards.

A

Concave lens

45
Q

A lens which curves outwards.

A

Convex mirror

46
Q

The angle between the refracted ray and the normal.

A

Angle of refraction.

47
Q

The angle between the incoming light ray and the normal.

A

The angle of incidence.

48
Q

The point where parallel light rays converge after going throughout lens.

A

Focus

49
Q

An image which is right-side up.

A

Upright image.

50
Q

An image which is upside down.

A

Inverted image

51
Q

An image which is mirrored.

A

Laterally inverted image

52
Q

Light which contains all other colours of light.

A

White light

53
Q

An imaginary line which stands at right angles to the surface of a lens or mirror.

A

Normal

54
Q

An image which forms when light rays appear to cross but do not actually cross.

A

Virtual image

55
Q

The distance from one crest to the next.

A

Wavelength

56
Q

The top of a wave.

A

Crest

57
Q

The bottom of the wave.

A

Trough

58
Q

The middle part of a wave.

A

Equilibrium

59
Q

The distance between the middle of a wave and the top or bottom of the wave.

A

Amplitude

60
Q

The fundamental particles of matter, made up of protons, neutrons and electrons.

A

Atom

61
Q

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

A

Isotopes

62
Q

The mass of protons, neutrons and electrons that make up an atom.

A

Atomic weight.

63
Q

A negatively charged particle in the atom, which moves in space around the nucleus.

A

Electron

64
Q

A positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.

A

Proton

65
Q

The spontaneous disintegration of certain atomic nuclei accompanied by the emission of alpha particles, beta particles or gamma radiation.

A

Radioactivity

66
Q

An electron or positron (which has the same mass as an electron but the opposite charge) emitted when an unstable nucleus decays.

A

Beta particle

67
Q

Why do atoms form ions?

A

To get full valence shells, which are more stable

68
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with an electrical charge.

69
Q

If there is two electron shells, which of these has the lowest energy.

A

The shell closest to the nucleus.

70
Q

How do ionic bonds form?

A

By the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

71
Q

What is electrostatic attraction?

A

When opposite electrical charges are attracted to each other.

72
Q

Positively charged ion.

A

Cation

73
Q

Negatively charged ion.

A

Anion

74
Q

The unit for voltage.

A

Volt

75
Q

Opposition to the flow of the current.

A

Resistance

76
Q

The difference in potential energy between two points in a circuit.

A

Voltage

77
Q

The unit for current.

A

Ampere

78
Q

A circuit where all components are on a single loop.

A

Series circuit

79
Q

The positive electrode.

A

Cathode

80
Q

The negative electrode.

A

Anode

81
Q

The device used to measure the strength of a current.

A

Ammeter

82
Q

A material which allows an electric current to pass through it.

A

Conductor

83
Q

The flow of charge around a circuit.

A

Current

84
Q

A solution which conducts electricity.

A

Electrolyte

85
Q

A loop of wire which connects an energy source to an energy user.

A

Circuit

8AP Science (10 decks)

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