The Respiratory System Flashcards
Bronchi
Tubes that branch from the trachea to continue the air flow nearer to the lungs
Bronchioles
Smaller sub-divisions of the bronchi leading to the alveoli
Lungs
Positions inside the chest cavity, protected by the rib cage, right lung is bigger than the left lung because right has 3 cavities and left has 2
Alveoli
Ting air sacs; there are millions in lungs; gaseous exchange takes place here; this action is vital to sustain
Diaphragm
Sherpa of muscle dividing the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity
Intercostal muscle
Found between the ribs contracting and relaxing during the breathing process
Ribs
Form a protector around the organs in chest
Key points about the lungs
- Positioned in the chest cavity
- Ribs form a cage protecting them
- Millions If alveoli allow gases to exchange inside them
Trachea
Has rings if cartilage along its length to allow the tube to be flexible and to keep the airway open
Breathing in;
- Intercostal muscles contract
- Ribs move up and out
- Diaphragm contracts (moves down)
- Chest expands
- Air pressure decreases
- Air is forced out of the lungs
Breathing out;
- Intercostal muscles relax
- Diaphragm relaxes (bulges up)
- Chest becomes smaller
- Air pressure increases
- Air is forced it of the lungs
3 benefits gained by breathing in through nose
Air is warmed (closer to body temperature)
- Tiny hair and mucas filters air from pollen particle
- Mucas moisten the air, making it easier for the alveoli to be absorbed
Explain the journey the air takes through the respiratory system
- You great in air at the nasal cavity.
- Then the air passes through the larynx
- Then the trachea, where bronchi funnels the air through smaller branches called the bronchioles which passes the air to the alveoli
- This is where gas exchange takes please and the oxygen is used around the body
Why an increase in the number of alveoli would benefit to a performer
Gas exchange occurs in alveoli would increase the efficiency of gas exchange the process would be faster and more oxygen would inspire into lung, this would allow the performer to perform
Action On breathing
- When we breathe our diaphragm pulls down our intercostal muscles contract and air pressure is reduced air is sucked through the rubes into the lungs and the chest expands.
- When we breath out, our diaphragm relaxes in a dome position, our intercostal muscles relaxes, our chest becomes smaller, pressure increases in our lungs and air is forced out
Tidal volume
- The amount of wine we breath in/out in one breath during rest. 2. Average tidal volume is 500, the same amount as exhalation.
- Increases during exercise
Inspiration capacity
- The amount of extra air inhaled above tidal volume during a deep breath.
- This can be as high as 3000 ml.
- Increases during exercise
Vital capacity
- Is the maximum amount of air you can breath out in one breath.
- It can be 10 times more than You would normally exhale
- Increases during exercise
Residual volume
- The amount of air left in the lungs following maximum exhalation
- There’s always some sure remaining to prevent lungs from relaxing.
- Increases during exercise
Total lung capacity
- Vital capacity + residual volume is ten total amount of air the lungs can hold.
- Average lung capacity is 6000ml varies with age, height, sex, health
- Increases with exercise
Respiratory rate
How many breaths you take per minute. Increases with exercise
Short term effects of exercise
- Heavy breathing
- Tidal volume increases
- Breathing rate increases
- Inspiratory capacity increases
- Anaerobic activity, lactic acid increases
- Body repays oxygen debt
Long term effects of exercise
- Intercostal muscles increase in size (hypertrophy)
- Lung capacity is more efficient and size increases
- Increases vital capacity
- Increase in alveoli
Effects of smoking
- Lung diseases like cancer, bronchitis
- Contains tar which clogs up alveoli and gaseous exchange becomes less efficient
- Contains nicotine; causes blood vessels in lungs to tighten which slows blood flow on the lungs
