The Respiratory System

Question 1

Bronchi

Answer 1

Tubes that branch from the trachea to continue the air flow nearer to the lungs

Question 2

Bronchioles

Answer 2

Smaller sub-divisions of the bronchi leading to the alveoli

Question 3

Lungs

Answer 3

Positions inside the chest cavity, protected by the rib cage, right lung is bigger than the left lung because right has 3 cavities and left has 2

Question 4

Alveoli

Answer 4

Ting air sacs; there are millions in lungs; gaseous exchange takes place here; this action is vital to sustain

Question 5

Diaphragm

Answer 5

Sherpa of muscle dividing the chest cavity and the abdominal cavity

Question 6

Intercostal muscle

Answer 6

Found between the ribs contracting and relaxing during the breathing process

Question 7

Ribs

Answer 7

Form a protector around the organs in chest

Question 8

Key points about the lungs

Answer 8

1. Positioned in the chest cavity
2. Ribs form a cage protecting them
3. Millions If alveoli allow gases to exchange inside them

Question 9

Trachea

Answer 9

Has rings if cartilage along its length to allow the tube to be flexible and to keep the airway open

Question 10

Breathing in;

Answer 10

1. Intercostal muscles contract
2. Ribs move up and out
3. Diaphragm contracts (moves down)
4. Chest expands
5. Air pressure decreases
6. Air is forced out of the lungs

Question 11

Breathing out;

Answer 11

1. Intercostal muscles relax
2. Diaphragm relaxes (bulges up)
3. Chest becomes smaller
4. Air pressure increases
5. Air is forced it of the lungs

Question 12

3 benefits gained by breathing in through nose

Answer 12

Air is warmed (closer to body temperature)

2. Tiny hair and mucas filters air from pollen particle
3. Mucas moisten the air, making it easier for the alveoli to be absorbed

Question 13

Explain the journey the air takes through the respiratory system

Answer 13

1. You great in air at the nasal cavity.
2. Then the air passes through the larynx
3. Then the trachea, where bronchi funnels the air through smaller branches called the bronchioles which passes the air to the alveoli
4. This is where gas exchange takes please and the oxygen is used around the body

Question 14

Why an increase in the number of alveoli would benefit to a performer

Answer 14

Gas exchange occurs in alveoli would increase the efficiency of gas exchange the process would be faster and more oxygen would inspire into lung, this would allow the performer to perform

Question 15

Action On breathing

Answer 15

1. When we breathe our diaphragm pulls down our intercostal muscles contract and air pressure is reduced air is sucked through the rubes into the lungs and the chest expands.
2. When we breath out, our diaphragm relaxes in a dome position, our intercostal muscles relaxes, our chest becomes smaller, pressure increases in our lungs and air is forced out

Question 16

Tidal volume

Answer 16

1. The amount of wine we breath in/out in one breath during rest. 2. Average tidal volume is 500, the same amount as exhalation.
2. Increases during exercise

Question 17

Inspiration capacity

Answer 17

1. The amount of extra air inhaled above tidal volume during a deep breath.
2. This can be as high as 3000 ml.
3. Increases during exercise

Question 18

Vital capacity

Answer 18

1. Is the maximum amount of air you can breath out in one breath.
2. It can be 10 times more than You would normally exhale
3. Increases during exercise

Question 19

Residual volume

Answer 19

1. The amount of air left in the lungs following maximum exhalation
2. There’s always some sure remaining to prevent lungs from relaxing.
3. Increases during exercise

Question 20

Total lung capacity

Answer 20

1. Vital capacity + residual volume is ten total amount of air the lungs can hold.
2. Average lung capacity is 6000ml varies with age, height, sex, health
3. Increases with exercise

Question 21

Respiratory rate

Answer 21

How many breaths you take per minute. Increases with exercise

Question 22

Short term effects of exercise

Answer 22

1. Heavy breathing
2. Tidal volume increases
3. Breathing rate increases
4. Inspiratory capacity increases
5. Anaerobic activity, lactic acid increases
6. Body repays oxygen debt

Question 23

Long term effects of exercise

Answer 23

1. Intercostal muscles increase in size (hypertrophy)
2. Lung capacity is more efficient and size increases
3. Increases vital capacity
4. Increase in alveoli

Question 24

Effects of smoking

Answer 24

1. Lung diseases like cancer, bronchitis
2. Contains tar which clogs up alveoli and gaseous exchange becomes less efficient
3. Contains nicotine; causes blood vessels in lungs to tighten which slows blood flow on the lungs

Question 25

What are the differences between inhales and exhaled air

Answer 25

There is a decrease in the amount of exhales CO2 and water vapour

Question 26

Why does mouth-to-mouth resuscitation work

Answer 26

Because in exhaled air there is still 17% of oxygen and people only use 4%

Question 27

What is anaerobic respiration

Answer 27

Exercise at high intensity, CV system cannot supply enough oxygen to muscles. With no oxygen available, glucose is burned to produce energy and lactic acid

Question 28

What is lactic acid

Answer 28

Lactic acid is a mild poison. As it builds it causes muscle pain, eventually cramp

Question 29

What is oxygen debt

Answer 29

1. After anaerobic activity, oxygen is needed to neutralise lactic acid
2. Oxygen texts with lactic acid to form CO2 and water
3. Rapid deep breathing is needed for short perks after high intensity exercise

Question 30

Word equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 30

Glucose ➡️ lactic acid + energy

Question 31

Word equation break down of lactic acid

Answer 31

Lactic acid + oxygen ➡️ carbon dioxide + water

Question 32

Aerobic respiration

Answer 32

1. Takes place in living cells glucose from food is used to fuel exercise
2. Waste products including CO2 must be removed and excreted
3. When exercising at a steady comfortable rate

Question 33

Word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 33

Glucose + oxygen ➡️ carbon dioxide + water