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Physical Education > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of veins

A
  1. Take blood to the heart
  2. Have thinner and and less muscular wall than arteries
  3. Blood is under lower pressure than arteries
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2
Q

Veins valves

A

Ensure that the blood flows in one direction and does not flow back towards the heart and are present every few centimetres

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3
Q

Function of capillaries

A
  1. One cell thick

2. Allows the exchange of nutrients and respiratory gases on the surface

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4
Q

How is blood pumped around the body

A

Blood flows around the body in a ‘figure of eight’ circuit, passing through the heart on each circuit

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5
Q

Name the 4 pulses

A

Temporal pulse
Carotid pulse
Radial pulse
Femoral pulse

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6
Q

Temporal pulse

A

Found over the temple in either side of head

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7
Q

Carotid pulse

A

Either side on neck, to the side of windpipe

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8
Q

Radial pulse

A

Base of thumb, inside of each wrist

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9
Q

Femoral pulse

A

Top of each leg in the groin

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10
Q

Effects of the body when completing exercise

A
  1. Blood pressure increases
  2. Heart rate increases
  3. Body temperature increases
  4. Stroke volume increases
    5 cardiac output increases
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11
Q

Heart rate/ pulse rate

A

The number of times your heart beats every minute

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12
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

The main delivery system for the body, blood moves from heart to deliver oxygen to the body

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13
Q

What is the CV system made up of

A

Blood
Blood vessels
Heart

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14
Q

Why is the CV system so important

A

Delivers blood and oxygen to the body to the pets that need it, the body relies on the CV system

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15
Q

How is blood pressure taken

A

Take in the arm

Systolic/ diastolic

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16
Q

Systolic pressure

A

The arterial pressure produces when the right ventricle contracts

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17
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Arterial pressure when the right ventricle relaxes

18
Q

3 ways to measure heart performance when exercising

A

Heart rate
Stroke volume
Cardiac volume

19
Q

Stroke volume

A

The output of blood in one beat

20
Q

Cardiac output

A

Heart rate x stroke volume

21
Q

What would happen to a marathon whilst running

A
  1. Removes lactic acid from the body to avoid pain
  2. Reduce body temperature via blood and sweating
  3. Blood goes into the surface of the skin to lose hot air
  4. Waste disposal unit for CO2
22
Q

Function of arteries

A
  1. Carry blood away from heart

2. Have thick elastic muscular wall

23
Q

Device use to measure blood pressure

A

Sphygmomanometer

24
Q

Average caused for systolic and diastolic blood pressure

A

120/80

25
Q

What happens to blood pressure as you get older

A

It increases

26
Q

Strategies to keep blood pressure at normal levels

A
  1. Less stress
  2. Exercise regularly
  3. Diet
27
Q

Long term effects of exercise

A
  1. Low resting HR
  2. Reduces heart disease
  3. Reduces chance of strokes
28
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood per minute

29
Q

What is cholesterol

A
  1. Surrounds every cell in your body, too mic cholesterol can be bad
  2. It comes from saturated fat in certain types if food that is made in lot cholesterol by your liver
30
Q

How does cholesterol travel

A
  1. It travels as a component of lipoproteins which allows fat to move through water inside and outside of your cells
31
Q

Type of lipoproteins

A
  1. High density lipoproteins

2. Low density lipoproteins

32
Q

What are hug density lipoproteins

A
  1. Good cholesterol
  2. Cruises the blood stream removing harmful cholesterol
  3. Lower the risk of heart disease
  4. Low levels of HDL increases the risks
33
Q

What makes HDL cholesterol so good

A
  1. Essential fat that provide stability in ever Collin your body
  2. Transported by helper lipoproteins take cholesterol away from where is shouldn’t be
  3. Each lipoprotein has its own preferences with the cholesterol that it’s carries
34
Q

Where to Low Density Lipoproteins come from

A

Some from diet and some from liver, they and dissolve in blood

35
Q

What do LDL do

A
  1. Collect in walls of blood vessels putting you in higher risk of heart attacks from sudden blood clots in an artery
36
Q

What is hypertrophy

A

Involves an increase in Skeletal muscle though an increase in size the size of its component cells

37
Q

When does hypertrophy occur

A

During exercise

38
Q

What is atrophy

A

Muscles decrease in size when performers don’t exercise or lack of exercise

39
Q

Why bother to exercise

A
  1. The component cells increase in size and so does muscle
  2. Increase in muscle strength
  3. Become more toned
40
Q

What leads to coronary heart disease

A

Humph levels of LDL’s and triglycerides (type of Pretoria) and low amount of HDL’s can lead to coronary heart disease

41
Q

How do you lower the level of bad cholesterol in your body

A
  1. Exercise

2. Modify your diet

Physical Education (8 decks)

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