The Respiratory System

Question 1

What antibacterial enzyme do nasal secretions contain?

Answer 1

Lysozyme

Question 2

Why is the nose and nasal cavity lined with mucous membranes and hair?

Answer 2

It traps debris which precents it from reaching the lungs.

Question 3

Where is the pharynx located?

Answer 3

to the top of the trachea and oesophagus.

Question 4

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 4

It is a flap of elastic cartilage, it covers the oesoghagus to guide air into the trachea.

Question 5

What is the epiglottis?

Answer 5

It is a flap of elastic cartilage, it covers the oesoghagus to guide air into the trachea.

Question 6

What happens to the epigolttis when swallowing?

Answer 6

The epiglottis covers the larynx to prevent food from entering it.

Question 7

What is the larynx?

Answer 7

It is a (nine) cartilage box-like structure that joins the pharynx and trachea, which is the entrance to the trachea and lungs.

Question 8

Why is the larynx also known as the voice box?

Answer 8

It contains vocal cords (mucous membranes) that are able to vibrate as air passes over them.

Question 9

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 9

To carry the air into and out of the lungs.

Question 10

What is the strcutre of the trachea?

Answer 10

It is made up of C-shaped cartilage rings that hold the structure open. (Ensures that air can always pass through it).
It splits into two branches, each one going into a lung.

Question 11

What does the EPITHELIAL lining of the trachea do?

Answer 11

It produces mucus, that is able to trap dust and debris.

• Prevents dust and debris from entering the lungs.
• The cilia lining the trachea move in a wave-like motion to take the mucus and debris up to the pharynx so that it can be swallowed and digested.

Question 12

Where are the bronchi located?

Answer 12

They are located on the end of the trachea.

Question 13

What is the structure of the bronchi?

Answer 13

Trachea = two primary bronchi = secondary bronchi = tertiary bronchi = bronchioles = terminal bronchioles

Question 14

What structure do bronchi have that is similar to the trachea?

Answer 14

The Bronchi have similar C-shaped cartilage rings.

Question 15

How are bronchioles formed?

Answer 15

Thought the division of tertiary bronchi.

Question 16

What do bronchioles divide into?

Answer 16

Terminal bronchioles (millions).

Question 17

Do bronchioles contain cartilage?

Answer 17

No, they are made of smooth muscle and elastin.

Question 18

Why are the bronchioles made of smooth muscle and elastin?

Answer 18

It is to allow the bronchioles to control the flow of air in the lungs, expanding when the body needs more oxygen.

Question 19

What are cilia and mucus present in the bronchioles?

Answer 19

They continue the protection of the lungs from contaminants.

Question 20

What is the name of the space between each lung and occupied with?

Answer 20

It is the mediastinum and it is occupied by the heart and blood vessels.

Question 21

What is the membrane covering of the lungs and why?

Answer 21

It’s called the pleura, lining the inside of the chest wall. It allows or the lungs to slide along the wall when breathing.

Question 22

What is the alveoli?

Answer 22

It is the smallest bronchioles that open into clusters of tiny air sacs.

Question 23

Why is each alvelous have a wall of one cell thickness?

Answer 23

It is a good surface for gaseous exchange, as it also surrounded by a network o blood capillaries.

Question 24

What is the gas exchange that happens in the alveoli?

Answer 24

Oxygen passes from the airways into the blood and carbon dioxide to pass from the blood into the airways.

Question 25

What is ventilation?

Answer 25

It is the process by which air is moved into and out of the lungs.

Question 26

What places does air flow to?

Answer 26

Flows from places of high pressure to places of low pressure.
(Air flows in and out of the lungs due to the differences in air pressure).

Question 27

What is external respiration?

Answer 27

It is the movement of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the bloodstream.

Question 28

What is internal respiration?

Answer 28

It is the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and tissues.

Question 29

What is inspiration and what can it also be called?

Answer 29

It is the process of taking air into the lungs.

It can also be called inhalation.

Question 30

What needs to happen for air to flow into the lungs?

Answer 30

The pressure of air in the lungs must be LESS than the atmospheric pressure outside the body.
Decreasing the pressure of air in the lungs = increasing the volume of the lungs/
- The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract.

Question 31

How is the volume of the chest cavity increased?

Answer 31

The diaphragm becomes flatter and the rib cage moves upwards and outwards.