Reproduction

Question 1

Epididymis

Answer 1

Sperm enter here from the testis, it is stored here for up to a month while they mature.
This tubule continues & becomes the vas deferens

Question 2

Vas Deferens

Answer 2

Carries sperm away from testis
Extends upwards from testis, passes into the abdominal cavity and crosses the upper surface of the bladder.
loops behind bladder & under bladder the 2 vasa deferentia join the urethra.

Question 3

Gametogenesis

Answer 3

Occurs in gonads
Splits into spermatogenesis & Oogenesis
It is meiosis that results in the production of gametes from germ cells

Question 4

Outline Oogenesis

Answer 4

Occurs in ovaries
Results: 1 egg & 3 polar bodies
Begins when female is an embryo - all primary oocytes formed remain dormant in this stage indefinitely.
Each month (after puberty) 1 primary oocyte completes meiosis 1 and begins meiosis II.
Meiosis II is completed only after fertilisation occurs

Question 5

Outline spermatogenesis

Answer 5

Occurs in testes in seminiferous tubules
Results: production of 4 sperm
Mature in epididymis and gain motility
Produced constantly after puberty.`

Question 6

Oogenesis vs. Spermatogenesis

Answer 6

of functional gametes produced, size, structure, location, when and frequency.

Question 7

Hormonal regulation of female menstrual & ovarian cycle

Answer 7

FSH, LH, Oesterogen & Progesterone

Question 8

Hormones in male reproductive system

Answer 8

FSH, LH, Testosterone

Question 9

Endocrine glands

Answer 9

releases hormones - controls and regulates
Secretions usually pass into capillaries, transported by blood, circulating until it reaches the target organ - gonads

Question 10

Pituitary gland

Answer 10

Small organ lies in a pit in the bone below the brain and above the roof of the mouth.
Secretes 2 gonadotropin hormones
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Luteinising Hormone (LH)
Releases Prolactin & Oxytocin

Question 11

Outline FSH (women)

Answer 11

Follicle-stimulating Hormone
- Stimulates development and maturation of the ovarian follicle.
- Ovarian follicle secretes oestrogen as it develops.
- Secretion of FSH reduces as level of oestrogen increases in the blood.

Question 12

Outline LH

Answer 12

Luteinising Hormone
- Promotes final maturation of the ovarian follicle, ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum
- Corpus luteum secretes progesterone and oestrogens.
- Gradual reduction of LH as progesterone in the blood increases

Question 13

Prolactin

Answer 13

• Direct effect on the breasts of women
• Important for the preparation and maintenance of milk.

Question 14

Oxytocin - Women vs. Men

Answer 14

• Causes uterine contractions, promotes the movement of milk in the breast.
• Has a role in the movement of sperm and production of testosterone in the testes.

Question 14

Oxytocin - Women vs. Men

Answer 14

• Causes uterine contractions, promotes the movement of milk in the breast.
• Has a role in the movement of sperm and production of testosterone in the testes.

Question 15

FSH (men)

Answer 15

Targets cells of the seminiferous tubules and stimulates spermatogenesis

Question 16

LH (men)

Answer 16

Targets interstitial cells of the testes and stimulates the production male sex hormones

Question 17

Puberty: What hormones stimulate change in women and men

Answer 17

Both hormones = sexual maturation
Men
- Testosterone

Females
- Oestrogens

Question 18

HCG - placenta

Answer 18

Human Chronic Gonadotropin
Target Organ: Corpus luteum
Effect: Maintenance of corpus luteum during early stages of pregnancy

Question 19

Oxytocin (Women)

Answer 19

Target Organ: Uterus & Breasts
Effect:
- Stimulates contraction of smooth muscles
- Promotes contraction of muscle cells surrounding breast lobules