Muscles

Question 1

Muscle Tissue

Answer 1

Made of highly specialised, elongated cell - elasticity

Question 2

Motion

Answer 2

External and internal body part movements

Question 3

Thermogenesis

Answer 3

Generating heat by normal contractions and by shivering

Question 4

Excitability (irritability)

Answer 4

Ability to receive and respond to a stimulus

Question 5

Contractility

Answer 5

Ability of muscle tissue to shorten

Question 6

Elasticity

Answer 6

Ability to return to its original shape

Question 7

Extensibility

Answer 7

Ability to be stretched without damage

Question 8

Conductivity

Answer 8

Ability to conduct excitation over the length of the muscle

Question 9

Primer Mover(s) / Agonists

Answer 9

The muscle(s) primarily responsible for the movement

Question 10

Antagonist

Answer 10

Muscle(s) that oppose/reverse the movement caused by the prime mover

Question 11

Synergist

Answer 11

Muscle(s) that assist the prime mover
OR
Smaller muscles that assist the primary antagonistic muscles

Question 12

Fixator(s)

Answer 12

the muscle(s) that immobilise the origin of the prime mover

Question 13

Skeletal muscle

Answer 13

Muscles that move bones and enable us to walk, run and carry out a wide range of voluntary physical activities

Question 14

Smooth Muscle

Answer 14

Make up many of the internal organs, as these muscles allow for movement

Question 15

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 15

Heart muscle

Question 16

Perimysium

Answer 16

Sheath of connective tissue that surrounds each bundle of fasciclesso that it can function as an individual

Question 17

Connective tissue

Answer 17

Allows adjacent bundles to slide easily over one another as they contract

Question 18

Epimysium

Answer 18

Sheaths of connective tissue

Question 18

Insertion

Answer 18

The tendon attached to the bone that moves

Question 19

Origin

Answer 19

The tendon attached to the stationary bone

Question 20

Ligaments vs tendons

Answer 20

Tendons - attach bone to muscle
Ligaments - attach bone to bone

Question 21

Pennate

Answer 21

Feather-like muscles

Question 22

Sphincter

Answer 22

Circular Muscles

Question 23

Muscle fibre

Answer 23

An elongated cylinder with many nuclei
Contains: myofibrils

Question 24

Sarcolemma

Answer 24

Thin, transparent plasma membrane that surrounds the cell

Question 25

Fascicles

Answer 25

Bundles of muscle fibres

Question 26

Sacromere

Answer 26

Responsible for contraction within the muscle

Question 27

Myosin protein

Answer 27

rod-like tail with two heads.
Each head contains ATPase and an action-binding site; point to the Z line.
Tails point to the M line.
Spitting ATP releases energy which causes the head to “ratchet” and pull actin fibres.

Question 28

Myofibrils

Answer 28

Composed of myofilaments, made of protein, these are the units that are involved in the contraction of the muscle

Question 29

Thick Myofilaments

Answer 29

Composed mainly of the protein myosin

Question 30

Thin Myofilaments

Answer 30

Composed mainly of the protein actin

Question 31

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 31

A tubular network that surrounds the myofibrils
- is a storage site for calcium ions, which are released during muscle contractions

Question 32

Sliding Filament Theory

Answer 32

suggests that when muscles contract and the sarcomeres short that is due to the actin and myosin filaments sliding over one another.

Question 33

Z line in sliding filament

Answer 33

Protein discs in the middle of thin filaments

Question 34

A band in sliding filament

Answer 34

The length of the thick filament (myosin)

Question 35

H zone

Answer 35

Middle of the A band where it is light and contains only thick filaments

Question 36

I band

Answer 36

Distance between successive thick filaments