Contraception

Question 1

Condom: Type & how they work

Answer 1

Barrier
Barrier against passage of semen into vagina

Question 2

Condom: positives & negatives

Answer 2

Pros:
Protects against STDs
Readily available
Inexpensive
Cons:
Failure rate: 2% perfect use - 15% typical use
Requires responsible attitude on the part of the male

Question 3

Female Condom: Type & how they work

Answer 3

Barrer
Barrier against passage of semen into vagina

Question 4

Female Condom: Positives & Negatives

Answer 4

Pros:
Protects against STDs
Can be inserted up to 8 hrs before intercourse
Cons:
More expensive than condoms
May cause UTI

Question 5

Cervical Cap: Type & How they work

Answer 5

Barrier
Blocks sperm from entering cervix

Question 6

Cervical Cap: Positives & Negatives

Answer 6

Pros:
Provides protection for duration of use
Non-hormonal
Cons:
Requires professional fitting & training

Question 7

Diaphragm: Type & How they work

Answer 7

Barrier
Stops sperm from entering the uterus

Question 8

Diaphragm: Positives & Negatives

Answer 8

Pros:
Non-hormonal contraception
Controlled by woman
Cons:
Prolonged use can increases risk of UTIs
Can develop odor if not properly cleaned

Question 9

Oral Contraceptive Pills: Type & How they work

Answer 9

Pills
Blocks ovulation, alters cervical mucus and stimulate atrophic change in endometrium

Question 10

Oral Contraceptive Pills: Positives & Negatives

Answer 10

Pros:
Fertility returns rapidly
Bleeding is decreased
Cons:
Increased risk of stroke, acute MI & venous thromboembolic disease
Doesn’t protect against STDs

Question 11

Progesterone-Only OCP: Type & How they work

Answer 11

Pill
Suppresses ovulation.
Has a variable dampening effect on midcycle peaks of LH and FSH increases cervical mucus viscosity, leads to atrophic endometrium, reduces cilia motility in the fallopian tube

Question 12

Progesterone-Only OCP: Positives & Negatives (including side effects)

Answer 12

Pros:
Risk of serious complications to which oestrogen contributes is greatly reduced.
Fertility returns immediately after cessation
Cons:
Requires compliance
Doesn’t protect against STDs
Side effects:
Menstrual irregularities
Mood Changes
Acne

Question 13

Depo-Provera Injectable Contraceptive Progesterone-Only: Type & How they work

Answer 13

Chemical
Alters endometrial lining, thicken cervical mucus & blocks LH surge preventing ovulation

Question 14

Depo-Provera Injectable Contraceptive Progesterone0-Only: Positives & Negatives (including side effects)

Answer 14

Pros:
Extremely effective: Failure rate 0.3% perfect use; 3% typical use
Cons:
Involves injections & remembering to visit DR every 3 months
Persistent irregular bleeding
Side Effects:
Oedema, thromboembolic disorders
Nausea
Weight gain

Question 15

Ortho Evra: Type & How it works

Answer 15

Chemical
Patch that is applied once weekly for 3 weeks.
Blocks LH surge, thicken cervical mucus and alters endometrial lining.

Question 16

Ortho Evra: Positives & Negatives

Answer 16

Pros:
0.3% failure rate perfect use; 8% typical use
Once a week regimen is an easy follow
Cons:
Condtraindictation & cardiovascular risks are similar to combined OCPs

Question 17

NuvaRing: Type & How it works

Answer 17

Chemical
Ethylvinyl acetate ring inserted intravaginally for 3 weeks.
Thicken cervical mucus, alter endometrial lining, blocks LH surge preventing ovulation

Question 18

NuvaRing: Positives & Negatives

Answer 18

Pros:
Light period
Helps with menstrual Cramps
Cons:
2.5% of women will have 1 event/year where the ring falls out
Leukorrhea/vaginitis

Question 19

Copper T UID: Type & How it works

Answer 19

Chemical
Causes migration of White Blood Cells into the uterine cavity resulting in phagocytosis of Spermatozoa

Question 20

Copper T UID: Positives & Negatives

Answer 20

Pros:
Can be left in place for 10 years
Cons:
Bleeding flow increases by 50%
Removed because of bleeding or pain at year 1

Question 21

Mirena (IUD): Type & How it works

Answer 21

Chemical
Releases 20mcg of LNG per day into uterine cavity for 5 years
Inhibits fertilisation: anovulation, thickens cervical mucus, inhibits sperms & ovum motility & function

Question 22

Mirena (IUD): Positives & Negatives

Answer 22

Pros:
Can be left in place for 5 years
Bleeding decreased by 90%
Cons:
Irregular periods w/ spotting; 7% removed for bleeding within 1 year