The Reproductive System And Genetics

Question 1

Female gamete

Answer 1

Egg

Question 2

Male gamete

Answer 2

Sperm

Question 3

Fertilisation

Answer 3

the fusion between male and female gametes to produce a zygote

Question 4

Roles of the male reproductive system

Answer 4

To produce sperm

To deliver sperm to the female body

Question 5

Parts of the male reproductive system

Answer 5

Testes
Scrotum
Sperm duct
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Penis

Question 6

Testes

Answer 6

Produces sperm

Produce hormones

Question 7

Scrotum

Answer 7

Holds the testes outside the body at a temperature slightly lower than body temperature.
This temperature is more suitable for sperm to be produced

Question 8

Sperm duct

Answer 8

Carries sperm from the testes to urethra which runs through the penis

Question 9

Seminal vesicles and prostate gland

Answer 9

Secrete fluids which nourish the sperm and helps them to swim.

Question 10

Penis

Answer 10

Spongy tissue
When blood fills this tissue it becomes hard erect
This allows the penis to be places inside the womans body and transfer semen during sexual intercourse

Question 11

Puberty

Answer 11

Puberty is the time when the sex organs mature and other physical and emotional changes take place

Question 12

Puberty in boys

Answer 12

Starts at 12-13 years
The testes and penis grow in size
Shoulders broaden 
Increase in body muscle
Voice breaks and then deepens
Hair grows on the face, chest, underarms and pubic hair grows
Production of sperm begins

Question 13

Roles of the female reproductive system

Answer 13

Produce eggs
Hold and nourish the baby during pregnancy
Give birth

Question 14

Parts of the female reproductive system

Answer 14

Ovaries
Fallopian tube
Womb
Cervix
Vagina

Question 15

Ovaries

Answer 15

Two
Produce one egg a month alternating
Produce female sex hormones

Question 16

Fallopian tube

Answer 16

Carry egg from the ovaries to the uterus

Where fertilisation occurs

Question 17

Womb

Answer 17

Where the baby is held and nourished during pregnancy

Question 18

Cervix

Answer 18

Entrance to womb

Question 19

Vagina

Answer 19

Holds penis during sexual intercourse

Question 20

Puberty in girls

Answer 20

The menstrual cycle begins
The ovaries and womb grow
The breasts enlarge and the hips broaden
Public hair grows
Productions of eggs begins

Question 21

The menstrual cycle

Answer 21

The menstrual cycle is a series of changes which take place in the female body to prepare it for pregnancy

Question 22

Stages of the menstrual cycle

Answer 22

28 days long but varies
Lining of the womb is built up with blood to nourish a fertilised egg
Unfertilised egg passes through the womb and out the vagina
Lining of the womb is broken down and sheds

Question 23

The fertile period

Answer 23

The time during the menstrual cycle that fertilisation is most likely to occur.
The ovary releases the egg and the lining of the uterus thickens

Question 24

Menstrual cycle summary

Answer 24

1-5 - menstruation
6-14 - lining of womb is built up again
14 - ovulation
15-28 - egg goes to womb, lining is built up, lining breaks down if fertilisation doesn’t occur

Question 25

Stages of fertilisation

Answer 25

Erect penis is placed in the vagina. Ejaculation (the release of sperm) occurs at the cervix. Sperm swim through the womb into the Fallopian tubes. If an egg is present fertilisation (conception) may occur. Zygote divides to form a ball of cells and goes to the womb. Ball of cells sinks into the lining of the womb wall (implantation). Now called the embryo.

Question 26

Fertilisation

Answer 26

The fusion between male and female gametes to form a zygote

Question 27

Implantation

Answer 27

The attachment of the embryo to the womb lining

Question 28

First eight weeks of pregnancy

Answer 28

Tissues and organs form. Can be recognised as a human. Now called the foetus

Question 29

Amniotic fluid

Answer 29

Surrounds the baby. | Shock absorber

Question 30

Placenta

Answer 30

Lies against womb lining and is attached to the baby by the umbilical chord which is connected to the baby at the belly button. Passes digested food and oxygen from the mothers blood to the baby's blood. Removes wastes and carbon dioxide from the baby's blood to the mothers blood. Harmful substances like cigarette smoke and alcohol pass through the placenta and to the baby which can cause harm.

Question 31

Stages of birth

Answer 31

Labour Delivery of the baby Delivery of the placenta

Question 32

Labour

Answer 32

Bag of amniotic fluid bursts | Muscles in the womb wall contract which widen the cervix to allow the baby's head to pass through

Question 33

Delivery of the baby

Answer 33

The baby's head is pushed through the womb and out the vagina

Question 34

Delivery of the placenta

Answer 34

The umbilical cord is cut. The baby breathes on its own. | The placenta comes loose from the womb and comes out the vagina.

Question 35

Feeding

Answer 35

Breast milk contains food, vitamins and salts for the baby, and antibodies that prevent the baby getting infection.

Question 36

Contraception

Answer 36

The prevention of fertilisation and implantation. Contraceptive pill stops eggs being produced. Abstinence from sexual intercourse. Condoms cover the penis

Question 37

Genetics

Answer 37

The study of the way that characteristics are passed on from one generation to another.

Question 38

Inheritable genes

Answer 38

Controlled by genes. Genes are in the nucleus. Girl, boy, hair colour, eye colour

Question 39

Non-inheritable characteristics

Answer 39

Learned throughout our life. | Read, write, play instruments

Question 40

Chromosomes

Answer 40

Found in the nucleus. Made of DNA and protein. 23 in a egg, 23 in a sperm, 46 in a zygote. Gene is a section of DNA along the chromosome. Genes make protein.