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Science. > Acid And Bases > Flashcards

Acid And Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

Fizzy drink

A

Carbonic acid

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2
Q

Acid word origin

A

Greek word ‘acidus’ means sour

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3
Q

Stomach

A

Hydrochloric acid

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4
Q

Sour milk

A

Lactic acid

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5
Q

Indicator

A

Tells us if a substance is acidic or basic

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6
Q

Type of indicators

A

Litmus : purple dye from lichen plants that grow on the bark of trees
Blueberries, red cabbage
Litmus paper : absorbent paper, soaked in litmus, dried
Methyl orange

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7
Q

Litmus turns ____ when in acid

A

Red

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8
Q

Acid definition

A

Acids turn litmus from blue to red

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9
Q

Car battery acid

A

Sulfuric acid. Corrosive - it eats away at other substances

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10
Q

Drain cleaner

A

Caustic soda ( sodium hydroxide)

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11
Q

Alkali

A

Bases that dissolve in water

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12
Q

Litmus turns ___ in a base

A

Blue

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13
Q

Base definition

A

Bases turn litmus from red to blue

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14
Q

Indicator definition

A

An indicator shows by means of a colour change whether a substance is acidic or basic

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15
Q

Neutral substances

A

Have no colour change, water sugar salt

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16
Q

1-6 on pH scale

A

Acidic

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17
Q

7 on pH scale

A

Neutral

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18
Q

8-14 on pH scale

A

Basic

19
Q

How to find pH

A

pH sensor, data logger and equipment
pH paper
Universal indicator solution

20
Q

pH paper

A

Universal indicator solution soaked on to paper

21
Q

Universal indicator solution

A

A mixture of a number of indicators

22
Q

How to test for pH

A

A few drops of universal indicator solution of a piece of pH paper in put in the solution.
The colour is then matched against a standard set of colours.

23
Q

Weak acids

A

Citric acid

Acetic acid

24
Q

Most common bases

A

Sodium hydroxide : NaOH (caustic soda)

Calcium hydroxide : Ca(OH)2 (limewater)

25
Q

Antacid

A

Against acid

They are bases that react with excess acid in the stomach

26
Q

Acid and base neutralised

A

They form a salt and water

27
Q

Salt

A

A salt is formed when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced with a metal

28
Q

Titration

A

The process by which an acid is slowly added to a base

29
Q

Fuel definition

A

A fuel is any substance that burns in oxygen to produce heat

30
Q

Solid fuels

A

Peat, turf, gas, coal, oil

31
Q

Liquid fuels

A

Petrol, diesel, paraffin oil

32
Q

Gas fuel

A

Methane : CH4

33
Q

Hydrocarbon definition

A

Fossil fuels contain hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon are compounds consisting only of hydrogen and carbon

34
Q

Hydrocarbons burned

A

Carbon dioxide and water are formed

35
Q

Hydrocarbon example

A

Candle wax used to make a night light

36
Q

Acid rain pH

A

5.5

37
Q

When is it acid rain

A

Rainwater with a pH less than 5.5

38
Q

What is acid rain made of

A

Dilute sulfuric and and nitric acid

39
Q

Formation of sulfuric acid

A

Sulfur dioxide is produced when coal and oil are burned. These contain 1-3% sulfur.
Very soluble in water and dissolves to form sulfuric acid

40
Q

Nitric acid

A

Car engines take in oxygen and nitrogen. They emit nitrogen oxides.
These oxides dissolve in water vapour in the clouds. They form nitric acid

41
Q

Acid rain problems

A

Destroys lakes killing fish, harms trees

42
Q

Acid destroying lakes

A

Aluminium salts go into lake. Aluminium interferes with the gills of the fish and they die. Clouds must be blown hundreds of kilometres before it rains.

43
Q

Acid destroying trees

A

Damages foliage and removes minerals from the soil which should be absorbed by the roots of the tree. Many trees die.

44
Q

Tackling acid rain

A

Install chemical plants to remove sulfur emissions of power stations
Reduce sulfur content of oil and Gas which makes them more expensive
Burn less fossil fuels and use renewable energy

Science. (18 decks)

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