Acid And Bases

Question 1

Fizzy drink

Answer 1

Carbonic acid

Question 2

Acid word origin

Answer 2

Greek word ‘acidus’ means sour

Question 3

Stomach

Answer 3

Hydrochloric acid

Question 4

Sour milk

Answer 4

Lactic acid

Question 5

Indicator

Answer 5

Tells us if a substance is acidic or basic

Question 6

Type of indicators

Answer 6

Litmus : purple dye from lichen plants that grow on the bark of trees
Blueberries, red cabbage
Litmus paper : absorbent paper, soaked in litmus, dried
Methyl orange

Question 7

Litmus turns ____ when in acid

Answer 7

Red

Question 8

Acid definition

Answer 8

Acids turn litmus from blue to red

Question 9

Car battery acid

Answer 9

Sulfuric acid. Corrosive - it eats away at other substances

Question 10

Drain cleaner

Answer 10

Caustic soda ( sodium hydroxide)

Question 11

Alkali

Answer 11

Bases that dissolve in water

Question 12

Litmus turns ___ in a base

Answer 12

Blue

Question 13

Base definition

Answer 13

Bases turn litmus from red to blue

Question 14

Indicator definition

Answer 14

An indicator shows by means of a colour change whether a substance is acidic or basic

Question 15

Neutral substances

Answer 15

Have no colour change, water sugar salt

Question 16

1-6 on pH scale

Answer 16

Acidic

Question 17

7 on pH scale

Answer 17

Neutral

Question 18

8-14 on pH scale

Answer 18

Basic

Question 19

How to find pH

Answer 19

pH sensor, data logger and equipment
pH paper
Universal indicator solution

Question 20

pH paper

Answer 20

Universal indicator solution soaked on to paper

Question 21

Universal indicator solution

Answer 21

A mixture of a number of indicators

Question 22

How to test for pH

Answer 22

A few drops of universal indicator solution of a piece of pH paper in put in the solution.
The colour is then matched against a standard set of colours.

Question 23

Weak acids

Answer 23

Citric acid

Acetic acid

Question 24

Most common bases

Answer 24

Sodium hydroxide : NaOH (caustic soda)

Calcium hydroxide : Ca(OH)2 (limewater)

Question 25

Antacid

Answer 25

Against acid | They are bases that react with excess acid in the stomach

Question 26

Acid and base neutralised

Answer 26

They form a salt and water

Question 27

Salt

Answer 27

A salt is formed when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced with a metal

Question 28

Titration

Answer 28

The process by which an acid is slowly added to a base

Question 29

Fuel definition

Answer 29

A fuel is any substance that burns in oxygen to produce heat

Question 30

Solid fuels

Answer 30

Peat, turf, gas, coal, oil

Question 31

Liquid fuels

Answer 31

Petrol, diesel, paraffin oil

Question 32

Gas fuel

Answer 32

Methane : CH4

Question 33

Hydrocarbon definition

Answer 33

Fossil fuels contain hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon are compounds consisting only of hydrogen and carbon

Question 34

Hydrocarbons burned

Answer 34

Carbon dioxide and water are formed

Question 35

Hydrocarbon example

Answer 35

Candle wax used to make a night light

Question 36

Acid rain pH

Answer 36

5.5

Question 37

When is it acid rain

Answer 37

Rainwater with a pH less than 5.5

Question 38

What is acid rain made of

Answer 38

Dilute sulfuric and and nitric acid

Question 39

Formation of sulfuric acid

Answer 39

Sulfur dioxide is produced when coal and oil are burned. These contain 1-3% sulfur. Very soluble in water and dissolves to form sulfuric acid

Question 40

Nitric acid

Answer 40

Car engines take in oxygen and nitrogen. They emit nitrogen oxides. These oxides dissolve in water vapour in the clouds. They form nitric acid

Question 41

Acid rain problems

Answer 41

Destroys lakes killing fish, harms trees

Question 42

Acid destroying lakes

Answer 42

Aluminium salts go into lake. Aluminium interferes with the gills of the fish and they die. Clouds must be blown hundreds of kilometres before it rains.

Question 43

Acid destroying trees

Answer 43

Damages foliage and removes minerals from the soil which should be absorbed by the roots of the tree. Many trees die.

Question 44

Tackling acid rain

Answer 44

Install chemical plants to remove sulfur emissions of power stations Reduce sulfur content of oil and Gas which makes them more expensive Burn less fossil fuels and use renewable energy