Respiration And The Breathing System Flashcards
Green plants
Make their own food for energy
Animals
Either eat plants or eat animals that have eaten the plants. A caterpillar eats leaves and the caterpillar gets eaten by a robin.
Aerobic respiration
Glucose (food) + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy
Oxygen
We need oxygen to get energy from the food we eat. The breathing system lets us take in this oxygen.
What happens during breathing
We breathe oxygen into our lungs.
The oxygen passes from the lungs into the bloodstream.
The blood carries the oxygen to cells where it is used up in respiration.
Carbon dioxide and water are waste products of respiration.
They pass from the cells back into the bloodstream and back into the lungs. At the lungs the water vapour and carbon dioxide pass from the blood into the lungs and get breathed out.
Functions of the breathing system
To remove waste carbon dioxide.
To remove waste water vapour.
To take oxygen gas for respiration.
Gases breathed in and out
Nitrogen : in = 78% out = 78%
Oxygen : in = 21% out = 16%
Carbon dioxide = 0.03% out = 4%
Gaseous exchange
Gaseous exchange occurs when oxygen from the air is swapped with carbon dioxide from the body
Alveoli are covered in a network of tiny tubes that carry blood.
It is here that carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged through breathing.
The walls of the alveoli are very thin which allows the gases to diffuse through quickly, and the oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream and the carbon dioxide diffuses into the lungs and is breathed out.
Smoking
Tar in tobacco damages the bronchioles which leads to bronchitis.
Nicotine damages the heart and blood vessels.
Smoking during pregnancy prevents the baby from getting enough oxygen.
Respiration
The release of energy from food. Respiration takes place in every living cell. During respiration chemical energy is converted into heat energy.
