The Reproduction System (Female)

Question 1

What is the cell division of sperm (spermatozoa) and eggs (ova) called?

Answer 1

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis

Question 2

What is meiosis?

Answer 2

Cell division that gives 4 daughter cells with half the genetic material (chromosomes) of the parent cell

Question 3

What is the function of the reproduction system?

Answer 3

Produce sex hormones, produce ova, maintains developing foetus, parturition

Question 4

Function of the ovaries

Answer 4

Produce ova, endocrine gland (oestrogen/progesterone)

Question 5

Function of the oviducts

Answer 5

Collect ova, site of fertilization, move ova to uterine horns

Question 6

Function of uterus

Answer 6

Place where embryos develop into foetuses

Question 7

Function of cervix

Answer 7

Muscular sphincter that connects the uterus with the vagina

Question 8

Where is the reproduction system located

Answer 8

Dorsal of the abdominal cavity. kidneys near the ovaries

Question 9

What is a bursa?

Answer 9

Each ovary is contained in this, it is a fluid filled sac

Question 10

Name 3 types of ligaments that attach to the uterus

Answer 10

Broad, suspensory and round ligaments

Question 11

What broad ligaments attach to the uterus? What do they contain?

Answer 11

1. Mesovarium 2. Mesosalpinx 3. Mesometrium

contains blood vessels, nerves and fat

Question 12

What is a round ligament?

Answer 12

Cord of fibrous tissue/smooth muscle on either side of the broad ligament

Question 13

where does blood supply to the repro system come from?

Answer 13

Blood supply runs within the mesovarium, mesosalpinx and mesometrium. There is also the ovarian artery and uterine artery.

Question 14

How is oestrogen produced? why?

Answer 14

By developing ovarian follicles, prepares animal for breeding and pregnancy

Question 15

How are progestins produced? why?

Answer 15

Produced by corpus luteum, prepares uterus for implantation of fertilised ovum and pregnancy

Question 16

What captures the ova from the ovary?

Answer 16

Infundibulum

Question 17

Where is the site of fertilisation?

Answer 17

Ampulla

Question 18

Where is the site of sperm capacitation?

Answer 18

Isthmus

Question 19

What are the 3 layers of the uterine wall?

Answer 19

Endometrium (mm, glandular tissue, thickens prior to implantation) , Myometrium (smooth muscle that produces contractions), Perimetrium (outer connective tissue layer)

Question 20

Function of the cervix

Answer 20

1. muscular sphincter, controls access to uterus 2. mucous secretion (plug) helps close cervical canal, gets expelled during oestrous and parturition

Question 21

What is the function of the oestrous cycle

Answer 21

1. Produce ova, 2. Prepare the repro tract to receive fertilised ova 3. Behavioural patterns in the animal 4. Stimulates female to stand still and allow male to mate with her

Question 22

What does it mean when the female is in heat?

Answer 22

She is receptive to mating

Question 23

What does pro oestrous mean?

Answer 23

Oestrogen produced , egg matures in follicle

Question 24

What does oestrous mean?

Answer 24

Female will allow herself to be mated, ovulation

Question 25

What does mesoestous/dioestrous mean?

Answer 25

Progesterone produced, pregnancy may be established

Question 26

What does anoestrous mean?

Answer 26

Between cycles, little or no ovarian activity

Question 27

Where does FSH and LH come from?

Answer 27

Anterior pit. gland.

Question 28

What does FSH and LH do?

Answer 28

FSH stimulates oestrogen production

LH stimulates progesterone production

Question 29

When does sexual maturation occur in the bitch? how many oestrous cycles do they have a year?

Answer 29

At 6 months.

1-2 oestrous cycles/year

Question 30

Describe days 1-9 of the repro system

Answer 30

Pro oestrous, ‘in heat’ flirty, vulva swells then shrinks, vaginal discharge

Question 31

Describe day 10 of the repro system

Answer 31

oestrous, ovulation occurs

Question 32

How long is mesoestous 1? what happens?

Answer 32

20 days, corpus luteum produces progesterone

Question 33

How long is mesoestrous 2? what happens?

Answer 33

70 days, corpus luteum persists producing progesterone (false pregnancy)

Question 34

How long is anoestrous?

Answer 34

3-9 months

Question 35

What is a female cat called?

Answer 35

Queen

Question 36

When is the cats breeding system? when do they become sexually mature?

Answer 36

Jan-Sept, become sexually mature the spring after they are born

Question 37

Cats are polyoestrous. What does that mean?

Answer 37

They have several periods of oestrous during breeding season

Question 38

What does induced ovulator mean?

Answer 38

Only ovulates in response to mating. occurs within 36 hours

Question 39

What is lactation?

Answer 39

Production of milk

Question 40

What is the function of the mammary gland?

Answer 40

Milk synthesis and secretion

Question 41

What is the alveolus in the mm gland surrounded by?

Answer 41

Glandular epithelial cells and lined with secretory epithelium

Question 42

Which hormone is involved in milk production? where is it released from?

Answer 42

Prolactin involved in formation of milk in last third of pregnancy, released from anterior pit.

Question 43

What is the function of oxytocin? how is it released? where is it released from?

Answer 43

Posterior pit. Controls contraction of the smooth muscle and squeezes milk out in response to the sucking stimulus

Question 44

What is the first milk? what does it do?

Answer 44

Colostrum. rich in antibodies that help fight viruses/bacteria. Also contains proteins, carbs, fat, vits, minerals

Question 45

What weight is the udders during milking? what supports them?

Answer 45

45kg, supported by suspensory ligaments laterally and medially