The Reproduction System (Female) Flashcards
What is the cell division of sperm (spermatozoa) and eggs (ova) called?
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis
What is meiosis?
Cell division that gives 4 daughter cells with half the genetic material (chromosomes) of the parent cell
What is the function of the reproduction system?
Produce sex hormones, produce ova, maintains developing foetus, parturition
Function of the ovaries
Produce ova, endocrine gland (oestrogen/progesterone)
Function of the oviducts
Collect ova, site of fertilization, move ova to uterine horns
Function of uterus
Place where embryos develop into foetuses
Function of cervix
Muscular sphincter that connects the uterus with the vagina
Where is the reproduction system located
Dorsal of the abdominal cavity. kidneys near the ovaries
What is a bursa?
Each ovary is contained in this, it is a fluid filled sac
Name 3 types of ligaments that attach to the uterus
Broad, suspensory and round ligaments
What broad ligaments attach to the uterus? What do they contain?
- Mesovarium 2. Mesosalpinx 3. Mesometrium
contains blood vessels, nerves and fat
What is a round ligament?
Cord of fibrous tissue/smooth muscle on either side of the broad ligament
where does blood supply to the repro system come from?
Blood supply runs within the mesovarium, mesosalpinx and mesometrium. There is also the ovarian artery and uterine artery.
How is oestrogen produced? why?
By developing ovarian follicles, prepares animal for breeding and pregnancy
How are progestins produced? why?
Produced by corpus luteum, prepares uterus for implantation of fertilised ovum and pregnancy
What captures the ova from the ovary?
Infundibulum
Where is the site of fertilisation?
Ampulla
Where is the site of sperm capacitation?
Isthmus
What are the 3 layers of the uterine wall?
Endometrium (mm, glandular tissue, thickens prior to implantation) , Myometrium (smooth muscle that produces contractions), Perimetrium (outer connective tissue layer)
Function of the cervix
- muscular sphincter, controls access to uterus 2. mucous secretion (plug) helps close cervical canal, gets expelled during oestrous and parturition
What is the function of the oestrous cycle
- Produce ova, 2. Prepare the repro tract to receive fertilised ova 3. Behavioural patterns in the animal 4. Stimulates female to stand still and allow male to mate with her
What does it mean when the female is in heat?
She is receptive to mating
What does pro oestrous mean?
Oestrogen produced , egg matures in follicle
What does oestrous mean?
Female will allow herself to be mated, ovulation
What does mesoestous/dioestrous mean?
Progesterone produced, pregnancy may be established
What does anoestrous mean?
Between cycles, little or no ovarian activity
Where does FSH and LH come from?
Anterior pit. gland.
What does FSH and LH do?
FSH stimulates oestrogen production
LH stimulates progesterone production
When does sexual maturation occur in the bitch? how many oestrous cycles do they have a year?
At 6 months.
1-2 oestrous cycles/year
Describe days 1-9 of the repro system
Pro oestrous, ‘in heat’ flirty, vulva swells then shrinks, vaginal discharge
Describe day 10 of the repro system
oestrous, ovulation occurs
How long is mesoestous 1? what happens?
20 days, corpus luteum produces progesterone
How long is mesoestrous 2? what happens?
70 days, corpus luteum persists producing progesterone (false pregnancy)
How long is anoestrous?
3-9 months
What is a female cat called?
Queen
When is the cats breeding system? when do they become sexually mature?
Jan-Sept, become sexually mature the spring after they are born
Cats are polyoestrous. What does that mean?
They have several periods of oestrous during breeding season
What does induced ovulator mean?
Only ovulates in response to mating. occurs within 36 hours
What is lactation?
Production of milk
What is the function of the mammary gland?
Milk synthesis and secretion
What is the alveolus in the mm gland surrounded by?
Glandular epithelial cells and lined with secretory epithelium
Which hormone is involved in milk production? where is it released from?
Prolactin involved in formation of milk in last third of pregnancy, released from anterior pit.
What is the function of oxytocin? how is it released? where is it released from?
Posterior pit. Controls contraction of the smooth muscle and squeezes milk out in response to the sucking stimulus
What is the first milk? what does it do?
Colostrum. rich in antibodies that help fight viruses/bacteria. Also contains proteins, carbs, fat, vits, minerals
What weight is the udders during milking? what supports them?
45kg, supported by suspensory ligaments laterally and medially
