The renaissance

Question 1

What time period was the Renaissance?

Answer 1

started in the 14th century ended sometime in the 17th century

Question 2

what is the meaning of the word renaissance?

Answer 2

rebirth in italian

Question 3

How did peoples attitudes change?

Answer 3

People became more interested in ancient knowledge
People travelled to new lands, experimented scientifically, doctors tried new treatments, artists used new methods
People stopped accepting the bible and began asking questions

Question 4

How did the invention of the printing press aid development?

Answer 4

ideas could be spread more quickly around Europe, old books could be reprinted and new books could be printed cheaply. Invented by Johann Gutenburg

Question 5

who was leonardo da vinci?

Answer 5

scientist, mathematician, poet, engineer inventor and musician. Carried out dissections in order to draw pictures of them. a ‘renaissance man’ successful in both the arts and the sciences

Question 6

what was the church like in the renaissance?

Answer 6

In the 16th century the church was quite corrupt and many people thought it had diverged from the bibles teachings. Martin Luther wanted the bible to be translated into modern languages and wanted the church to be transformed. Protestant churches became popular.

Question 7

the causes of disease?

Answer 7

knowledge of the causes of disease didn’t change much:

• people stopped believing in the theory of the four humours
• miasma
• spontaneous generation

Question 8

who was vesalius?

Answer 8

born in Brussels. Studied medicine in Italy and France, at Padau university

Question 9

what was vesalius’s life span?

Answer 9

1514 – 1564

Question 10

who was pare? where was he born and what was his job?

Answer 10

at 25 he became an army surgeon. He never went to university so he was looked down on. Born in a small village in France.

Question 11

what was pares life span?

Answer 11

1510 – 1590

Question 12

where was harvey born and where did he study?

Answer 12

born in Kent in England studied medicine at Cambridge and went to Padau to complete his education.

Question 13

what was harveys life span?

Answer 13

1578 – 1657

Question 14

how did pare change war treatments?

Answer 14

Previous methods for treating gunshot wounds were pouring boiling oil on them but one day he ran out of oil so used a treatment of egg yolks and cold oils. It proved successful. Methods for bleeding were amputation and cauterisation (pressing a red hot iron onto the stump) he used ligatures tying veins and arteries with silk threads it was effective but took a long time and some patients died from germs on the silk.

Question 15

what book did pare publish? opposition…?

Answer 15

Published a book called works on surgery. There was a lot of opposition but he worked for three French kings who supported him.

Question 16

what did vesalius do when studying and after?

Answer 16

at Padau students were encouraged to have new ideas – he robbed cemeteries in order to dissect bodies. He became a successful professor who encouraged dissection and published the fabric of the human body 1543. He disproved Galen’s work which led others to experiment.

Question 17

what was vesalius’s oposition like and why?

Answer 17

He received many criticisms from the church because he said that men and women had the same number of ribs.

Question 18

what did vesalius do after lecturing?

Answer 18

He left Padau and became a doctor for emperor Charles V of Spain and died in 1564. He made much progress and was influential but he was hindered by the church.

Question 19

what did Harvey discover?

Answer 19

He said that blood wasn’t burnt up in the body as fuel and manufactured in the liver but the heart pumped the same blood around the body.

Question 20

how did harvey prove his theories?

Answer 20

He carried out experiments such as cutting up frogs and humans. Pushing thin wires down the veins to show there are valves that make blood flow. Measuring the amount of blood in the body and how much is moved by each heartbeat.

Question 21

why did people doubt harvey?

Answer 21

He said capillaries connected arteries and veins but he had no proof. People thought he was crazy and stopped going to him. After he died an Italian doctor proved his theory. He didn’t make much impact in his time.

Question 22

when did the plague strike again and how many people die?

Answer 22

70,000 people died.

1665

Question 23

what where the mayors orders to help control the plague?

Answer 23

• The mayor issued some orders: a house containing an infected person must be sealed for 40 days until they are dead or recovered.
• Door must be marked with a cross an ‘lord have mercy upon us’
• Searchers should examine bodies to find out the cause of death
• Public entertainment stops
• Kill all the cats and dogs
• Fires to be lit in the street to stop bad air
• Bodies be buried after dark

Question 24

what was king charles death like and when was it?

Answer 24

1865

• He had a kidney disease but this was unknown
• He was prescribed many different treatments because doctors wanted to prove themselves and save the king
• Blood letting, laxative, emetic, human spirit and a sweet alcoholic drink and barley water and syrup.
• He died

Question 25

why was childbirth dangerous?

Answer 25

Christianity and islam prohibited men helping in childbirth, this meant a local wise woman or relative helped in childbirth. They usually had no medical training so childbirth was extremely dangerous

Question 26

what help was their for pregant women?

Answer 26

From the 1500’s books had been published about childbirth. There were special chairs to use and the correct position of the baby but women usually wouldn’t be in contact with a doctor for any part of the pregnancy and birth.
but men began to take over in richer households and women attended courses. They were encouraged to go to hospital instead of stay at home

Question 27

what tool was used in childbirth?

Answer 27

Forceps were invented to free a baby’s head, but they were never sterilised