medicine in the 1800 - 1900s

Question 1

what was smallpox?

Answer 1

highly infectious virus. Symptoms: fever, headache. Killed many.

Question 2

how did innoculation spread to england?

Answer 2

• In China people had being using inoculation for many years and Lady Mary Wortley Montague live in turkey where the trend had spread. She introduced it to Britain
• The problem with inoculation was that it could kill you if the wrong dose was given
• innoculation became popular for the rich

Question 3

what did edward jenner acheive in his life?

Answer 3

realised milk maids didn’t get smallpox only cowpox, he investigated it and tested it on James Phipps a young boy. He injected him with cowpox, then with smallpox. He survived. Jenner became famous and his ideas spread. Government gave him money and vaccination was free + compulsory for infants#

Question 4

edward jenner life span

Answer 4

1749 -1823

Question 5

what were the problems with jenners vaccination?

Answer 5

doctors who were rich and successful didn’t want to stop inoculation, some people opposed anything new, the cow was a lowly animal according to God, it was a bizarre idea.

Question 6

who invented the microscope and when?

Answer 6

1677 Microscope invented by Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek found ‘animalcules’ aka germs in everything

Question 7

what were the two main theories for the cause of disease?

Answer 7

spontaneous generation, miasma theory

Question 8

what did louis pasteur acheive?

Answer 8

Pasteur saw germs were harming drinks like alcohol, beer and milk. Invented pasteurisation (heating drinks to kill germs) proved spontaneous generation wrong by pasteurising two liquids then bending one of the spouts so the germs wouldn’t reach them, so germs infect things turning them bad. 1861 published ‘germ theory’ and saw silkworms were being killed by a disease caused by germs in a silk factory.

Question 9

pasteur life span?

Answer 9

1822-1895

Question 10

robert koch achievements?

Answer 10

Interested in Pasteur’s germ theory, found a way of staining and growing germs then injected it mice to see if it was right. Identified germs causing TB, cholera and anthrax.

Question 11

what did pasteur do after kochs discoveries?

Answer 11

• This lead Koch to develop vaccines for chicken cholera rabies and anthrax by using old or heat weakened germs.

Question 12

were koch and pasteur influential?

Answer 12

The work of Koch and Pasteur encouraged lots of new work and experiments. Other scientists found out the germs causing many other disease this was very useful for vaccinations.

Question 13

florence nightingale?

Answer 13

early 1900’s nursing had a very bad reputation. Nightingale was born into a very rich family who disapproved but she trained as a nurse. 1854 the Crimean war broke out. The hospital conditions were terrible and nightingale was asked to go and help. She greatly improved the sanitary conditions. She wrote a book ‘notes on nursing’ which was used for training nurses widely. Disciple and attention to detail were important.

Question 14

were koch and pasteur rivals?

Answer 14

yes they were from germany and france who were at war.

Question 15

florence nightingale life span

Answer 15

1820 -1910

Question 16

mary seacole?

Answer 16

learnt nursing from her mother in Kingston Jamaica, she travelled to England to interview to work as a nurse in the Crimean war. She was rejected because she was poor and black. She paid herself and set up a hospital very near the conflict, she treated troops on the battlefield sometimes from both oppositions.

Question 17

what did mary seacole do after the war?

Answer 17

She wouldn’t find work after the war and went bankrupt. Due to press interest she wrote a book.

Question 18

mary seacole life span?

Answer 18

1805 - 1881