The Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

what does Renaissance mean

A

rebirth

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2
Q

what is Humanism

A

the idea that humans should be at the center of everything and we should link about the world in terms of the lives people live

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3
Q

what were the causes of the Renaissance

A

it began in italy

  1. the ruins of the Roman Empire
  2. The fall of Constantinople
  3. Wealth and trade
  4. New ideas from trade
  5. Competition between Italian states
  6. Patrons
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4
Q

state the differences between medieval painting and renaissance painting

A

medieval painting

  • religious images
  • done on wooden panels or walls while the plaster was wet (fresco)
  • powdered pigment mixed with egg yolk to produce egg tempera paint which dried very quickly so artists couldn’t fix mistakes
  • two dimensional
  • bodies not to scale

renaissance painting

  • religious images and ancient greek and roman mythological scenes, portraits of people, landscapes, nature
  • painted on canvas or wet plaster on walls
  • paint was mixed with oil so it dried slower
  • used the smfumato technique
  • used perspective to crest depth and distance in the painting
  • studied anatomy to help people look real
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5
Q

what is sfumato

A

a technique which involves blurring or smudging lines and colour to soften textures and create a smoky effect

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6
Q

tell me about Leonardo DaVincis early life

A
  • born 1452 in Vinci, near Florence
  • at 14, sent to be an apprentice to Andrea del Verrochio, where he learned to prepare paints and sketch
  • -
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7
Q

explain leonardo’s time in milan

A
  • went to work for Duke of Milan, Ludovico
  • painted the Virgin of the Rocks
  • Painted the Last Supper
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8
Q

describe Michaelangelos life

A
  • born near Florence 1475
  • apprenticed to Domenico Ggirlandaio
  • went to Rome and a cardinal commissioned him to sculpt the Pietà
  • came back to florence and created the statue of David
  • painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel using fresco
  • spent the rest of his life in Rome where he wrote poetry and designed buildings.
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9
Q

what helped the spread of the renaissance

A
  • artists visiting italy
  • outside trade with italy
  • northern European rulers becoming patrons to artists in their own countries
  • the invention of the printing press
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10
Q

what is a patron

A

a wealthy person who commissioned an artist to produce a work of art for tbem

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11
Q

who invented the printing press

A

Johannesburg Gutenberg

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12
Q

how did Johannes Gutenberg make the printing press

A

he placed individual metal letters into a frame to form words, coated them with ink and pressed the frame onto paper

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13
Q

what was the first book he printed

A

the Gutenberg bible

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14
Q

what were the effects of the printing press

A
  • printed books were cheaper than handwritten manuscripts so more people could buy them
  • more people learned to read and write
  • people read more and were introduced to new ideas
  • fiction became more popular
  • the control the catholic church had over learning and ideas declined
  • the use of latin declined a writers wrote in the vernacular
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15
Q

what is the vernacular

A

the language as spoken by people in their native country

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16
Q

where was william shakespeare born

A

Stratford- on- Avon, England in 1564

17
Q

explain his early life

A
  • married to anne hathaway and had three children

- moved to london to become an actor and write plays and poetry

18
Q

name some of shakespeare’s works

A

a midsummer nights dream, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venic, Macbeth

19
Q

how many sonnets did shakespeare write

A

154

20
Q

what is a sonnet

A

a fourteen line rhyming poem form popular during the Renaissance

21
Q

tell me about galileos early life

A

he was born in Pisa in 1564 and studied mathematics at Pisa University.
he proved that all objects fall to the ground at the same speed regardless of weight, supposedly by dropping objects from the leaning tower of Pisa.

22
Q

what did galileo do to the telescope

A

he improved upon it to magnify objects using increasingly small power lenses which he used to study astronomy

23
Q

what is astronomy

A

the study of planets and the stars

24
Q

explain galileos incident with the catholic church

A

galileo backed up a book which declared that the earth rotates around the sun. the pope ordered galileo to be put on trial before the Inquisition and he was convicted of heresy. Galileo agreed to say he was wrong and his books were banned by the church. he was kept under house arrest until he died

25
Q

what is hersey

A

knowingly holding a view that goes against the official teachings of the catholic church