The Age of Exploration Flashcards
what were the reasons for Europeans to explore
- the influence of the renaissance
- the stories of marco polo
- New trade routes
- the fall of constantinople ( main route for spice trade)
- desire for empire
- spreading christianity
who are cartographers
people who draw maps
what did portolan charts do
they mapped handouts and coastlines more precisely developed by the portuguese
what did a quadrant and an astrolabe do
they helped determine a ship’s latitude by using the position of the stars and the sun
what does a compass do
identifies north
what did a log and line do
it measures the ships speed in knots. the line had knots evenly spaced out in it and a sailor would hold the line and throw the log overboard and measured the ships speed by how many knots passed through his hand in a given time.
where was the ships speed recorded
a logbook
what did a line and lead weight do
measured the depth of the water.
what was a caravel
a large and sturdy ship which was made to make long voyages and be able to sail in all winds
what were naos
bigger versions of caravels
describe life on board a ship
- sailors slept on deck
- work included raising sails, steering, cleaning and preparing food
- men were flogged or put in chains for breaking rules
- they would eat flat bread made from water, salt and flour called ships biscuit
- illnesses included typhoid and scurvy
what is mutiny
sailors rebelling against their captain
what were the symptoms of scurvy
exhaustion, tooth loss, vomiting and death
where were the first major voyages of discovery set out from
portugal
why did portugal want to travel
to find new trade routes so they could be rich and be protected from powerful neighbors
where did the portuguese attack
they attached muslim states in north africa and the african atlantic coast.
what did prince henry the navigator do
he set up the school of navigation at Sagres which brought together cartographers, instrument makers , astronomers and experienced sailors
why did the portuguese focus on exploring african coat
to find a way around africa to Asia
what places did the portuguese discover over the next following decades
the Azores, the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands
who was Bartolomeu dias and what did he do
he rounded the southern tip of africa (Cape of Good Hope)
what did Vasco de Gama do
he continued sailing up the eastern African coast and sailed from Kenya to Calicut in India
what were the results of De Gama proving it possible to sail around africa to reach india
- trade made portugal wealthy
- portugal established a large empire in Africa and Asia
- portugal gained control of the spice trade
- other european rulers wanted to copy portugal’s success by going on heir ownership voyages
where was Christopher Columbus born
Genoa in Italy
what did Columbus believe
he was convinced the planet was round
how did Columbus prepare for his voyage
he convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to give him three ships and two caravels (Nina and Pinta) and a nao (Santa Maria). They also gave him permission to recruit a crew from the port of Palos and in return Columbus would give any lands he discovered for spain
when was christopher columbus’ voyage
3 August 1492
what did Columbus do to reassure his crew that they had travelled shorter distances than reality.
he kept a fake logbook
when did columbus see land
12 October 1492
where did columbus reach
he thought he reached India but he actually found America
what did Columbus present to king Ferdinand and Isabella when he returned
slaves, exotic fruit, maize, parrots and gold
why was Columbus’ role as governed revoked
because he was mistreating the native people
what were conquistadors
spanish conquerers
what was the capital of the Aztec empire
Tenochtitlan
what were aztec weapons made from
wood, stone or copper because they had no iron or steel
what did the aztecs eat
they are turkeys, dogs, guinea pigs
explain what happened with Hernán Cortés and the Aztecs
cortes landed with 11 ships, 500 soldiers and 13 horses. he burned the ships to show his men there was no turning back. cortes was given a slave girl by local native groups conquered by the aztecs called Malinche who spoke several languages and acted as his translator. she also bore him a son. They went to Tenochtitlan where they were greeted by the Aztec king Montezuma. The Aztecs thought that Cortés was their god Quetzalcoatl who was thought to one day return from overseas. When the spaniards started to steal gold the aztecs protested. The spaniards captured montezuma and tried to rule through him. The Aztecs drove the spaniards out of the city and montezuma was killed. later cortes returned with 100,000 men and laid tenochtitlan under siege for three months. the city fell and people were massacred.
who were the Incas
sophisticated engineeers and architects and good artists.
explain what happened with Francisco Pizarro and the Incas
he was granted permission by King Charlee V of spain to conquer the Incas. he gathered a small army and invaded the incas. he met the Incan king, Atahualpa in the town of Cajamarca. Pizarro had a priest approach Atahualpa with a bible. the king through the bible aside Pizarro claimed that this was an insult to Christian faith so he ordered his men to attack. They won and captured Atahualpa. The incas offered lots of gold and silver in return for their king. Pizarro accepted the treasure and killed their king anyway. Pizarro defeated the incan armies and declared their empire the Spanish province of New Castile.
what is colonization
when a country takes over another territory and settles some of its own people there to control it
what were the impacts of colonization on the people in south america
- the native population was destroyed
- cultures were destroyed
- they spread christianity
- there was a huge growth in the slave trade
what was the slavery triangle
ships sailed to african slaving ports and room slaves to America. there they got sugar, tobacco, coffee and cotton and then sailed back to europe with the stuff
what was the impact of colonization on Europe
- other european states were inspired by all the power spain was gaining so they went on there own conquests.
portugal explored and settled the east coast of South America.
england set up colonies in north America
France conquered parts of North America
the netherlands conquered indonesia - conflict between contries
- spain and portugal went into war over south america, pope pressured them to sign the Treaty of Tordesillas which divided the New world between the two countries
- britain and spain, france and spain, britain and france - huge deposit is of gold and silver were shipped to spain.
- the columbia exchange took place - the exchange of foods and animals between Europe and America
