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World History Honors Semester 2 > The Reformation > Flashcards

The Reformation Flashcards

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1
Q

Martin Luther: Where

A
  • Germany

- Wittenberg, Worms

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2
Q

Martin Luther: Why

A
  • Frustrated with Catholic church
  • Disliked Tezel and indulgences
  • Wanted to reform abuses
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3
Q

Martin Luther: Main Ideas

A
  • 95 theses
  • Salvation by faith alone
  • Bible as only authority
  • Priesthood of all believers
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4
Q

Martin Luther: Interesting Info/ Need to Know

A
  • Became a monk because of storm
  • Found guilty of heresey
  • Hid out with friends
  • Translated Bible to German
  • Spoke out against peasant revolt
  • (Diet of Worms)
  • (Edict of Worms)
  • (Helped by printing press)
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5
Q

Martin Luther: Result

A
  • Created new religion of Lutheranism
  • Priests could marry, services in common language, got rid of fancy decorations of Catholicism
  • BEGAN PROTESTANT REFORMATION!!!
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6
Q

Henry VIII: Where

A

England

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7
Q

Henry VIII: Why

A
  • He wants a son for his dynasty and he wasnts a new wife so he can have a son. Catholic laws say he can’t divorced.
  • Wantes a son, a new wife, but church prevents him from doing it
  • Divorce?
  • Wanted a new wife because he and Catherine never had a surviving marriage and he thought his marriage was cursed
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8
Q

Henry VIII: Main Ideas

A
  • Parliament made the king the only church leader. Parliament passed the law so they had more power
  • Sold land he took from Monestaries and sold it to the people so those who bought would loose a lot of land if the Church came back and so it made people less resentful of the Kings church
  • Made sure no english Priests made changes to Catholic rituals and doctorines
  • Divorce is legal
  • King is the Pope of England
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9
Q

Henry VIII: Interesting Info/ Need to Know

A
  • Church of England is the religion because the King is head instead of the Pope
  • Church of England is a Protestant religion under Christianity
  • Anglican Church
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10
Q

Henry VIII: Result

A
  • Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy
  • Made Henry the Head of the Church
  • King controlled all Church lands and money
  • Some people resisted-> Thomas More, monks
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11
Q

Annulment

A

-Catholic divorce-> enter marriage under false pretenses. Henry asks for annulment from Pope (but no false pretenses) but Holy Roman Emperor controls Pope and Henry’s wife is Emperors wife.

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12
Q

John Calvin: Where

A

France

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13
Q

John Calvin: Why

A

-Inspired by Luther and develops his own ideals

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14
Q

John Calvin: Main Ideas

A
  • Institute of the Christian religion-> book Calvin wrote
  • Should be about the word of God and plain clothes and everything
  • Strict
  • Predestination-> predetermined if you were going to heaven
  • Men and Women are sinful by nature and very few people (elects) were saved from sin and god has known from the beginning of those who will be saved
  • His doctrine is Predestination
  • Wanted a theocracy
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15
Q

Elects

A

-Hugenot religion (John Calvin) those who were predestined to go to heaven

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16
Q

John Calvin: Interesting info/need to know

A
  • Banned bright colors-> clothing, card playing
  • Insititute of the Christian religion
  • He set up a kind of theocracy (religion and government in one)
  • Ruled Geneva with a theocracy bc Geneva asked him to rule
  • He and his followers regulated the lives of the people in Geneva
  • Very harsh rules with very harsh punishments
17
Q

John Calvin: Result

A
  • Not a lot of crimes, no real crime
  • A new religion-> Calvinsim
  • City of Saints
  • Known as Hugenots in France
18
Q

John Knox: Where

A

Scotland

19
Q

John Knox: Why

A

-Preacher who visited Geneva under Calvin and was inspired, really likes it

20
Q

John Knox: Main Ideas

A
  • Each community church was governed by a small rgoup of elders or PRESBYTERS
  • Religion: PRESYBYTERIANS
21
Q

Presbyterians

A

Religion by John Knox

22
Q

Presbyters

A

Group of elders that governed a small community in Presbyterian religion

23
Q

John Knox: Interesting Info/Need to know

A

-They created a national church and made Calvinism Scotland’s official religion when Protestant nobles led by Knox overthrew the Catholic Queen of Scotland, Mary Stuart, and so Calvinism would be all over Scotland

24
Q

John Knox: Result

A
  • Prespators

- Presbyterian religion

25
Q

Counter reformation or Catholic Reformation:

A

The movement to strengthen and reform the Catholic Church and also combat Protestantism
-Countering of church from protestant

26
Q

Ignatius began the Jesuits

A
  • While recovering from shattered leg had an epiphany
  • Wrote Spiritual Exercise (book), plan of meditation, prayer, study
  • Gained many followers
  • Pope Paul III recognized his order-> Jesuits
  • They founded schools all over the world (Jesuits did)
  • Ignatius became the militant wing of the Catholic Church
  • Ignatious emphasized discipline and obedience
27
Q

What did the Jesuits focus on

A
  1. Founding religious schools
  2. Converting non-Christians -> Africa, Asia, everywhere
  3. Prevent the spread of Protestantism
28
Q

Reforming popes led the church

A

-Two popes sought to strengthen the Catholic Church and combat Protestantism
Paul III:
-Ordered cardinals to investigate the abuses of the church: simony, indulgences
-Approved Jesuit order
-Called together the Council of Trent-> evaluated the complaints and the church

Paul IV: carried out the council’s ideas
-Made the index of forbidden books (Luthers) and burned them

29
Q

What did the council of Trent decide

A
  • Popes interpretation of the Bible is final (against Luther)
  • Christians were saved by faith and good works (Against Luther)
  • Bible and church tradition shared equal authority (against Luther)
  • Indulgences, pilgrimages and relics were all valid (no selling of false indulgences ) (with Luther)
30
Q

The legacy of the Reformation

A
  1. Creation of new religions (Lutheranism, Presbyterians,, Calvinsim, Church of England)
  2. Unified, reformed, strengthened Catholic church
  3. Questioning of catholic church, belief, government
  4. Revolutions-> religion, science
  5. Religion spread
    - power to british parliament
    - Theocracy
    - Peace of Augsberg-> princes chose religions of their state
31
Q

What is the geocentric theory and why did people believe it

A

What: Earth-centered theory, universe centered around earth and everything revolves around it
Why: Church taught that god made everything perfect and so the most perfect of all would be earth in the middle (church teachings), common sense because sun seemed to be moving around the Earth

32
Q

Copernicus

A
  • Helio-centric-> sun-centered theory
  • Revolutions of Heavenly bodies was his book that he had on it and didn’t release it until he was on his death bed so that the church didn’t come after him
  • Saw that stars moved and so they weren’t fixed like the church taught
  • Sun, moon, and planet movement was not explained by them moving around earth
33
Q

Kepler

A

3 laws of planetary motion:
1. Planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits (against church bc god made perfect things and ellipses aren’t perfect)
2. Planets move more rapidly as their orbits approach the sun
3. The time taken by planets to orbit the sun varies proportionately with their distance from the sun
Supported and built off of the heliocentric theory

34
Q

Galileo

A

-Pendulum -> pendulum swings at the same rate
-Acceleration-> all things accelerate at the same rate
-Built powerful telescopes and found that:
-Moon has craters and rough surface
-Sun has dark spots
-4 moons of Jupiter
which shows things as imperfect that goes against how god made everything perfect
-Starry messenger= his book
-Church told him to stop
-when he didn’t stop, he was taken to Rome for a trial and he was found guilty of Heresy, so he had to recant or be tourtured. He recanted because if he didn’t he would be executed immediately and it didn’t matter if he recanted or not because he had evidence

World History Honors Semester 2 (8 decks)

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