Nationalism Development KC Flashcards
Inventions that increased food supply
Heavier plow- digs deeper and more nutrients for better food production
Horse collar- allowed them to use a horse to pull the plow 3X faster than an ox and they has more food
3 fields system- from the 2 field system: use 1/2, farm one and rest one. 3 fields: divide land in 3, plant 2 and rest one
What effect did the inventions that increased food production cause
More food= more people, healthy people, surplus for trade, destroys feudalism (serf with money and not enough work for serfs so they went to towns)
Guilds
An organization of individuals in the same business or occupation working to improve the economic and social conditions of its members
- Guild members got in trouble for cheating (because they had price pacts)
- Merchant guilds controlled trade, eliminated competition
- Controlled towns and trade routes
- Skilled workers
What happened because of guilds
The wealth accumulated helped them establish influence over the government and the economy of the towns and cities.
-Had dues and insurance and a kind of government
Commercial trade ans revolution: Fairs and trade
- Trade took place in towns and people took things to fairs to sekk
- Trade happens with money
- People traded for things that came from far away
- Merchants guild
Commercial trade ans revolution :Business and banking
-Merchants wanted to borrow money but the church forbade christians from lending money at interest, a sin called usury
Commercial trade ans revolution: Society changes
- Feudalism declines
- Serfs went to towns to be free
- Businesses
- Trade
- Commercial revolution changed things
- Increased trade changed things
Urban life Flourishes:Trade
- Trade increased as a result of increased towns and trade routes
- Many more people are leaving feudalism, especially the lower class
- Towns instead of feudalism
Urban life Flourishes: Towns
- Increased as a result of more trade ans movement from the breakdown of feudalism
- Towns were on a lords land and they were taxed so they fought or bought out-> mostly buy out and they would get town charter
Urban life Flourishes: Merchant Class
- Feudal lords took control of towns.
- Merchants called burghers demanded to be given special privledges to let them trade more freely they fought to get rights from thier lord and usually won by force
The Revival of Learning: Muslim Connection
- European scholars visited the muslim library in Spain
- Crusaders brought back superior Muslim technology
The Revival of Learning: Universities
- Shakespear
- Big towns had them
- V. Small
- Merchant/middle class
- Books were expensive
- Danté- wrote in Italian
- Latin
- Vernacular:described the language of the people (German, Spanish, French) local language began to be used in literature
- The students were sons of burghers and most of their goals was to get a job in government or church
The Revival of Learning:
- Christian scholars wondered if they could use Aristotle’s (pagan) lohical approach to truth, but still keep faith in the BIble
- Aquinas argued that the most basic religious truths can be proved by logical argument (no problem with faith and reason)
Early v. Late middle Ages- Farming
E- 2 fields system, less food, slow ox, light plow
L- 3 field, more food, horse, heavy plow, horse harness
Early v. Late middle Ages- Power of Church
E- More, greatest extent
L- Dead, falling
Early v. Late middle Ages- Feudalism
E- Alive, more, main system of government
L- More trade more town
Early v. Late middle Ages- Nationalism
E- None, no nationalism
L- Replaced feudalism, loyal to French King of FRANCE
Nationalism
- Patriotism
- Pride in your country
- Extreme form of patriotism-
- Loyalty to your country or group
- The final stamp of death for feudalism
Early v. Late middle Ages- Architecture
E- Romanesque, Defensive
L- Better, pretty, Gothic
Early v. Late middle Ages- Universities
E- Not much
L- Some
Early v. Late middle Ages- Knights
E-More
L- less
Early v. Late middle Ages- Ruler
E-Feudal lords
L- Merchants, Kings
Early v. Late middle Ages- Guilds
E- Not alive
L- Alive, broke away from feudalism
Why is 1066 important
England grew to become the most dominant country. The start of England’s power. The battle of Hastings triggered it
When did England first grow to become a Great power
1066
Magna Carla
- Individual liberties and led to Democracy
- 1215
1215
Magna Carla
England: William the Conqueror
- A duke of Normandy (France)
- Led a Norman army and invaded England and then distributed the lands to his lords after defeating Harold in the Battle of Hastings
- Was a viking descendent
England: The Battle of Hastings (1066)
- Godwin inherited the English thrown that was promised to William
- Angelo-saxons (Godwim) and Normans fought
- William made England 1 unified feudal state
- There was then a French speaking king and courts
England: Henry II
King of England that reformed the legal system of England and married French woman/queen for land
England: Juries
Created by Henry II that settled discpute. 12 people who settle court things-> gives power to the people
England: Common law
Gives power to people
- Laws that everyone must follow and are made from common rulings in courts
- Henry II may have made it
England: King John
- English King
- Lost many wars and kept taxing nobles for money to pay for the wars. The nobles got sick of it and make him sign the Magna Carta (1215): A limit of the kings power by the nobles- granted freedom to the nobles and later to commons people
England: Model Parliment
-Eventually became more powerful than the king
France: Hugh Capet and the Capetian Dynasty
- French king who died without heir
- Nobles chose Capet bc he was easy to control and Capet consolidates power over the time
France:Philip II
John (England) kept loosing to him
France: Estates General
- France had Classes
- They had an Estates General that came together to make laws
- When they did meet again things changed
France and England:
How were both countries moving towards Democracy
England and France moved towards Democracy by creating common law and court system until the Magna Carta, Parliament, and the Estates general by giving power to the people
When and How did the Great Schism begin
- The Council of Cardinals had to elect a new Pope after the last Pope died and the people wanted a Roman or Italian
- Pope Clement VII was chosen and he moved the Papacy to Avignon France and that made the poeple angry because Rome is the center of Catholism
- Pope Urban IV was also chose before him and he was a reformer and arrogant and he should be replaced with Clement
How was the Great Schism resolved
-There were 3 Popes and the council with Holy Roman Emperor made them resign and the council close chose a new pope, Martin V, that ended the Great Schism, but left the papcy weakened
How did the Great Schism effect Medeval life
-The power of the Pope and church seemed less and people sided with one pope and they could risk them getting into heaven and people started to ask questions
Who were John Wyclifee and Jan Hus
- Both taught that the authority of the Bible/Jesus Christ was the head of the church
- Cut out the Pope
- Questioned the authority of the church
- Hus was excommunicated and tried as a heretic and burned at the state
- England protected Wycliffe-> nationalism is more important than the church
The Bubonic plague: When did it begin and how did it spread
- Began in Asia
- Spread through trade routes/travel
- Killed milions
- 1/3 of Europe dead
The Bubonic plague:Economic effects
-Trade declined and prices went up
How else did the Plague effect medieval life
- Serfs wanted better wages because they realized that they were more valuable because a lot of serfs died and there was higher demand
- Nobles resisted Peasant demands for higher wages so peasants up rose
- Church-> loss of prestige because prayers didn’t sop the p;ague
- The plague came and went away
The Hundred Years War
Stage 1: Edward III (England) captured the French King and a lot of French land
Stage 2: French reconquered everything that was lost
Stage 3: English invaded again, conquered northern France, forced France to sign humiliating treaty
Stage 4: French-inspired Joan of Arc and drove almost all of the English out of France
What was the role of the longbow in the 100 year war
- Changed Warfare
- Crecy
- Allowed for footsmen with longbows to defeat mounted and armored medieval knights that soon became extinct
- No need for knights
- No knights, no feudalism and no castles (cannons)
100 year war: what was the role of Joan of Arc
-A teenage French Peasant girl who felt moved by god to rescue France from English (bc treaty signed that gives the French crown to Henry V when French King-> Charles VI, dies). Joan saw visions and voices. Led the troops into battle and the seige of Orleans was broken
What was the outcome of the 100 year war
-French King, Charles went with Joan to Reims where he was crowned King
-Burgundies (allies of England) capture Joans and gave her to the church authorities while Charles did nothing and Joan was burned at the stake for being a witch and hearing voices.
-Charles, King ODf France, does nothing
-Same religion in France and England but she was a heretic in one and a hero in the other
NATIONALISM example (above)
How did the Hundred Year war effect Medieval society
- Joan of Arc was declared a Saint 500 years later because she was a martyr
- The war was about nationalism-> no French on English land and no English on French soil
