Age of Exploration Flashcards
Why did Europeans begin to explore the wider world during this time period?
- New trade routes (old routes were long,hard, hostile)
- Wealth through trade
- Spread Christianity
- People wanted pepper
- Water route made faster and safer trade
- To discover
What new ideas, inventions, or discoveries allowed Europeans to explore farther during this time period
- Astrolab (use constellations to mark where you are
- Renaissance-> questioning, individualism, new ideas
- Maps
- Advanced ships-> Carvel-> sail into the wind
What changes resulted from the explorations at this time
- More accurate maps (Saw that you can go around Africa, America, world is round)
- New continents
- Human rights and proper international conduct development
- Native american population decreased (disease)
- Enslaved people were transported across the Atlantic (slavery becomes based off of race)
- Europeans abused Native Americans
- Trade ideas, etc exchanged
Motivations for Europeans: God
-Spread Christianity
Motivations for Europeans: Gold
-Wealth
Motivations for Europeans: Glory
-Wanted to become famous for discovering new lands and things, did it for their country, fame/wealth
Caravel
-Can sail against wind
Astrolabe
-Navigation, better determine location at sea
Why was Portugal a leader in exploration: Prince Henry
- Supported exploration
- Enabled Portugal to become major explorer by founding a navigation school and portugal had very high prices for Asian goods, so they wanted better trade routes
Why was Portugal a leader in exploration: Dias
-Reached the tip of Africa, but did not go around and left
Why was Portugal a leader in exploration: Da gama
-Went around Africa to India and went around tip of Africa (faster, cheaper, made more money)
What was Spain’s role in exploration
-Said yes to Columbus because of rivalry with Portugal
What was Spain’s role in exploration: Colombus
-Reached Island in Caribbeans and thought he was in East Indies, convinced Spain to fund plan to find route to Asia by sailing west through Atlantic
Treaty of Tordesillas
Spain and Portugal cut Atlantic ocean to keep peace
Compare the Age of Exploration to the Renaissance and the Reformation
- People wanted wealth and to spread Christianity
- New Ideas
Explain the voyages of Columbus: First encounters
- Natives are really friendly-> Columbus friendly at first-> second voyage for conquering and colonizing
- 1st voyage was for trade routes
Explain the voyages of Columbus: Following explorers
-Conquistadors-> conquer and colonize
Examine the Spanish conquests in mexico and Peru: Hernando Cortes
- Landed on the shores of Mexico
- Colonized a lot
Examine the Spanish conquests in mexico and Peru: Cortes conquers the Aztecs
- Aztecs highly advanced
- At Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, Montezuma II (emperor) thought Hernando was a god and agreed to give them some gold, but Cotes wasn’t satisfied and killed many and then got driven out and then conquered Aztecs by banding with small tribes that resented the Aztecs and disease wiped out a lot of the population
- Spaniards lost at first, but then got help from tribes from translator and they went back many Aztecs died of disease
Examine the Spanish conquests in mexico and Peru: Pizarro and the Incas
-Conquered Incan empire in South Africa
continued, but notfinished on paper
Prince Henry: Country from, Date of exploration, Area explored, Significance of exploration
- Prince of Portugal
- Patron of Portuguese exploration
Bartholomeu Dias: Country from, Date of exploration, Area explored, Significance of exploration
- From Portugal
- Found tip of Africa
- Significance- they knew that you can go around africa
Vasco da Gama: Country from, Date of exploration, Area explored, Significance of exploration
- Portuguese
- Africa/ India
- Went around Africa to India, found new trade route
Christopher Columbus: Country from, Date of exploration, Area explored, Significance of exploration
- Spain
- 1492 !!!
- West to Caribbeans
- The Earth is round, Started European colonization of Americas, new continent discovered
Amerigo Vespucci: Country from, Date of exploration, Area explored, Significance of exploration
- Italian, but sailed for Portugal
- Eastern coast of south america
- America named after him,. discovered south America ins’t part of Asia, but a new world
Vasco Nunez de Balboa: Country from, Date of exploration, Area explored, Significance of exploration
- Spain
- Panama
- Claimed pacific for spain
Pedro Alvares Cabral: Country from, Date of exploration, Area explored, Significance of exploration
- Portugal
- Brazil
- Explored amazon river
Ferdinand Magellan
- Spain
- Philippians, Pacific
- Spain claimed these lands
Review maps
Review maps
What body of water did Columbus cross and where did he first land
Atlantic, Carribeans
What did Magellan do
- Sailed around the world to Philippines
- tip of South America
- First European to cross the pacific
Where did the Renaissance start
Italy
Who opened a school for navigation and helped organize early voyages. Also, where?
-Prince Henry in Portugal
What was Dias’ furthest point of exploration?
The Cape of Good Hope
What country did Da Gama reach
India
What body of water did Balboa claim for Spain
-Pacific
What countries were involved in the Treaty of Tordesillas
Spain and portugal
Where did Magellan die
Philippines
What area did Vespucci explore? And what area was named in his honor?
- Eastern coast of south America (Brazil)
- North and South America named after him
Where did the Vikings sail 500 years before Columbus
-Canada/America
What river did cabral explore
-The Amazon river
How did the Native Americans get to America
The Bering Strait Bridge
-From Russia
Was there any opposition to spanish rule
- Priests spoke out against the harsh rule of the encomieda system and the treatment of the natives
- Bartholomeu De Las Casas
Spanish conquest
- Encomienda system-> harsh, took natives land and forced them to work it. Failure of this system resulted in African Slavery
- Mestizo-> intermingling-> native american-spanish kids
English conquest
Kill and take land, don’t do Mestizo
