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FILM SCREEN IMAGE ACQUISITION, PROCESSING AND IMAGE ANALYSIS > The Radiographic Film > Flashcards

The Radiographic Film Flashcards

1
Q

those that exit the patient and interact with the image receptor

A

image forming x-rays

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2
Q

the x-rays that remain as the useful beam exits the patient

A

exit beam

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3
Q

the medium that converts the x-ray beam into a visible image

A

image receptor

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4
Q

the film that records the image based on the pattern of transmitted xrays and light produced by the intensifying screens

A

radiographic film

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5
Q

4 parts of film

A

base
emulsion
adhesive layer
overcoat

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6
Q

thickness of radiographic film

A

150 to 300 μm (micrometer)

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7
Q

it is also called supercoat, overcoat, protective coating or supercoating that is a protective covering of gelatin that enclosed the emulsion

A

topcoat

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8
Q

it is used to prevent damage to sensitive emulsion layer

it protects the emulsion from scratches, pressure and contamination

it allows rough manipulation of x-ray film before exposure

A

topcoat
supercoat
overcoat

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9
Q

it is the heart of radiographic film and it is radiation and light sensitive

A

emulsion

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10
Q

size of emulsion

A

3-5 μm

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11
Q

composition of emulsion

A

silver halide crystal and gelatin

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12
Q

it is the active ingredient of the emulsion with high atomic number

A

silver halide crystal

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13
Q

composition of shc

A

silver bromide 98%
silver iodide 2%

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14
Q

it holds the silver halide crystal uniformly dispersed in place

A

gelatin

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15
Q

characteristics of gelatin

A

clear and porous

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16
Q

its principal function is to provide mechanical support for silver halide crystals

A

gelatin

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17
Q

double emulsion film is called ____

A

duplitized

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18
Q

it is a colloid extracted from cattle hooves and hide, then rendered into a very pure, uncontaminated state

A

gelatin

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19
Q

it is the ideal suspension medium for the silver halide crystals

A

gelatin

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20
Q

size of silver halide crystal

A

1.0 to 1.5 μm

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21
Q

it is the imperfections in the crystal structure

A

sensitivity specks

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22
Q

it is the material sensitive to radiation and light, an active ingredient and it functions as energy detectors

A

silver halide crystal

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23
Q

a thin coating located between the emulsion and base that simply adheres the base to the emulsion

A

adhesive layer/substratum layer

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24
Q

it is the foundation or framework of the film

A

base

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25
composition of film base
polyester
26
size of base
150 to 300 μm
27
composition of polyester
polymer matrix ethylene glycol dimethyl terephthalate
28
4 characteristics of a good film base
lucency dimensional stability superior physical stability blue tint
29
it is the speed point where speed is the degree to which the emulsion is sensitive to x-rays or to light
film speed
30
high speed = high _______ = ___ exposure necessary to produce a specific density
high speed = high sensitivity = low exposure necessary to produce a specific density
31
two primary factors that affects speed point
number of silver halide crystal size of silver halide crystal
32
margin of errors in technical factors that the film allows that will still produce an acceptable range of densities
film latitude
33
inherent characteristic of the film emulsion that allow a moderate or acceptable range of densities to be recorded
film latitude
34
narrow film latitude = ___ contrast emulsion, short gray scale
narrow film latitude = high contrast emulsion, short gray scale
34
ability of exposure factors to record an image with an appropriate range of densities on the film
exposure latitude
35
inherent ability to record minute differences in densities across the film ability of the radiographic film to provide a certain level of image contrast
film contrast
36
it is the most widely used radiographic film
screen type film
37
how many intensifying screen does screen type film have?
two intensifying screen
38
it is a film that require less x-ray exposure, can be either manually or automatically processed and can have either a single or double emulsion coating (duplitized)
screen type film
39
occurs when light forms an angle affecting a spot in the emulsion and travels through the other side striking a spot not exactly corresponding to the opposite layer, producing an effect similar to penumbra
parallax effect
40
4 ways of reducing parallax effect
blue dye monochromatic film anti crossover layer thinner base
41
advantages of screen type film low emulsion ____ = low ____ time = low patient ____
low emulsion thickness = low developing time = low patient dose
42
disadvantages of screen type film high ____ = decreased _____ = high quantum mottle
high parallax effect = decreased resolution = high quantum mottle
42
disadvantages of screen type film high ____ = decreased _____ = high quantum mottle
high parallax effect = decreased resolution = high quantum mottle
43
it is a type of film that is designed for use without the need of an intensifying screen also called non-screen film
direct exposure film
44
advantages of direct exposure film low parallax effect = low quantum mottle = high image _____
low parallax effect = low quantum mottle = high image quality
45
disadvantages of direct exposure film high patient dose = high emulsion thickness = high development ___
high patient dose = high emulsion thickness = high development time
46
it is a film that has emulsion coated on one side of the base only that is why there is no parallax effect
single emulsion film
47
three types of radiographic film
screen type film direct exposure film/non screen film single emulsion film
48
it prevents halation of light as the screens fluoresce, high sharpness of image, requires high exposure
anti halation backing
49
3 types of film according to spectral sensitivity (color)
monochromatic film orthochromatic film panchromatic film
50
it is a type of film according to spectral sensitivity, that is blue sensitive, globular grains, insensitive to red, orange and yellow
monochromatic film
51
it is a type of film according to spectral sensitivity, green sensitive, tabular grains, rare earth phosphor and insensitive to red
orthochromatic film
52
it is a type of film according to spectral sensitivity, that is sensitive to all visible light and mainly used in photography and there is no insensitivity
panchromatic film
53
2 types of grain technology
globular grain tabular grain
54
what kind of grain is: Spherical in shape Has bigger volume For blue-sensitive film
globular grain
55
what kind of grain is: Tabletop-like structure Provides bigger surface For green sensitive film
tabular grain
56
fresh films storage temperature
20°C
57
fresh films storage humidity
40% to 60%
58
storage temperature after the usual storage for original radiographs
60 to 80°F
59
the film must be store in a ____ and ____ place
the film must be store in a cool and dry place
60
storage temperature if storing films for 30 to 45 days
21°C
61
storage temperature if storing films greater than 1 year
10°C
62
storage temperature to store at to stop aging process
0°
63
FIFO
first in, first out
64
films are stored ____
vertically
65
rubber gloves are avoided and uses cotton gloves because it may cause ____
static artifacts
66
the usual storage for original radiographs is __ to __ years
the usual storage for original radiographs is 5 to 7 years
67
high temperature = _ fog
high temperature = high fog
68
low temperature = _ static discharge
low temperature = high static discharge
69
high temperature = _ aging process
high temperature = high aging process
70
contamination of developer solution with 0.1% of fixer
chemical fog
71
restrainer prevents chemical fog by regulating development
development fog
72
most common form of film fogging
safelight fog

FILM SCREEN IMAGE ACQUISITION, PROCESSING AND IMAGE ANALYSIS (12 decks)

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