The psychology of suicidal behaviour & suicide worldwide in 2019: Global health estimates

Question 1

prevalences of suicide ideation/plans/attempts

Answer 1

• 9.2%
• 3.1%
• 2.7%

(dus niet heel veel verschil tussen plannen en attempts)

Question 2

risk of non-lethal suicidal behaviour is increased in..

Answer 2

young people
women
unmarried people
socially disadvantaged people

Question 3

wat is de grootste risico factor

Answer 3

having a psychiatric disorder -> 90% (maar most people who have a psychiatric disorder do not become suicidal: dus geen goede predictive factor)

Question 4

interpersonal theory of suicide

Answer 4

thwarted belongingness (i am alone)
perceived burdensomeness
capability for suicide

leiden tot desire for suicide

waarvan een klein deel: lethal/near lethal attempts

Question 5

integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour

Answer 5

premotivational phase = diathesis + environment + life events

motivational phase = defeat and humiliation + threats to self moderators -> entrapment + motivational moderators -> suicidal ideation and intent + volitional moderators -> suicidal behaviour

Question 6

risks for suicidal behaviour of personality and individual differences

Answer 6

• hopelessness
• impulsivity
• perfectionism (vooral socially)
• big five: high neuroticism, low extraversion
• optimism and resiliance low

Question 7

cognitive factors for suicide

Answer 7

• cognitive rigidity
• rumination
• autobiographical memory biases
• belongingness and burdensomeness
• fearlessness and pain insensitivity
• problem solving and coping

Question 8

wat zijn sociale factoren die suicide risk beinvloeden

Answer 8

• family history of suicide (social transmission effect)
• exposure to suicidal behaviour
• modelling effects in media

door contagion, imitation, suggestion, social learning.

Question 9

negative life events risk

Answer 9

• childhood adversities (dose response relationship between the number of adversities and the risk of suicide attempts).
• traumatic events in adulthood
• physical illnesses
• interpersonal stressors (romantic, legal, financial, non-hetero, bullying, victimization)

Question 10

of ppl who struggle with suicidal thoughts, …. % do not seek help

Answer 10

60%

(door low perceived need and a preference to handle the issue independently)

Question 11

psychological treatments for suicidal behaviour

Answer 11

• some forms of cbt but not enough
• recent interventions: collaborative assessment, safety planning

Question 12

definitie suicide attempt=

Answer 12

any non-fatal self-harming behaviour, whether it involves intentional poisoning, injury or self-harm, with or without a fatal intent.

Question 13

hoeveel doden per dag

Answer 13

5 ….

Question 14

suicide ranks as the 4th leading cause of death among 15-29 years old, with 77% of cases occuring in low- and middle-income countries.

Answer 14

oke

Question 15

common methods of suicide

Answer 15

pesticide ingestion
hanging
firearms use

Question 16

gender paradox =

Answer 16

females more attemtps and thoughts and depression
men more death

Question 17

while high income countries boast better suicide prevention resources…

Answer 17

paradoxically exhibit higher suicide rates.

• better registration?
• more individualisation?
• lack of community cohesion?

Question 18

global suicide rates trends

Answer 18

suicide rates are declining (36%), except for in americas (rise of 17%).

Question 19

suicide trends in NL

Answer 19

stable sinds 2013

Question 20

methodological challenges of registering suicide rates

Answer 20

• difference in survey instruments
• samples
• language
• stigma
• literacy
• timeframe (people are inconsistent in answering)

Question 21

national agenda for suicide prevention, WHO:

Answer 21

1. dare and learn to talk about suicide
2. train professionals
3. invest in suicide prevention in neighbourhoods
4. increase reach of specific risk groups
5. improve care by collaborating between professionals, loved ones and people with lived experiences
6. limiting access to means
7. developing national learning system

Question 22

Assortative homophily

Answer 22

Likeminded individuals tend to be drawn to each other, and form social connections based on shared traits, interests or experiences