The Psychodynamic approach

Question 1

wo found the psychodynamic approach

Answer 1

Freud

Question 2

what`s Freud’s main theory

Answer 2

that our unconscious is bigger than our conscious, it influences our bahviour more that biology or environment
people are born with very basic needs and instincts

Question 3

Freud and childhood

Answer 3

the childhood memories are important, becasue this period is when you form your sense of self
events from childhood become unconscious and then influence the behaviour

Question 4

conscious is

in Freud’s oppinion

Answer 4

the part of ourselves that we know about and have access to
e.g. thoughts

Question 5

pre-conscious

in Freud’s oppinion

Answer 5

ideas and thought we can become aware of through are dreams = slips of toungue

Question 6

unconscious

in Freud’s oppinion

Answer 6

mental procceses that are inacceptable to conscious, we are notaware of them, but they influence feelings, thoughts, behaviour, motives and decisions

Question 7

structure of personality

Answer 7

ID
EGO
SUPEREGO

Question 8

about ID

Answer 8

• operates solely
• pleasure principle
• contains libido, reproductive instincts
• demands immidiate gratification

Question 9

about Superego

Answer 9

has to parts
1. conscious
* internalisation of socila rules
* if rules are broken = feeling of guilt
* develops after sociolozation
2. ego-ideal
* what a person strives for
* the model is usually influenced by parents standards

conflicts with ID

Question 10

Ego

Answer 10

• balances out the demands of Id and the Superego
• Reality Principle
• if no balance between the two = abnormal bahviour

Question 11

what is a Defence Mechanism

Answer 11

when we are placed in the situation we are not able to cope with rationally - our defense mechanism is triggered
it is unconscious
it reduces anxiety

Question 12

first type of Defence mechanism

Answer 12

repression - we repress traumatic event, we push them into uncoscious, preventing ourselves form feeling guilt or pain or stress

Question 13

second Defence Mechanism

Answer 13

desplacment - unconscious redirection of your emotion onto an ‘easier’ neutral object

Question 14

third defence mechanism

Answer 14

denial - not accepting that something has happend or happening, so it doesn’t cause anxiety
‘a drug addict will deny his addiction, say he’s got it under control’

Question 15

list psychosexual development stages

(5 of them)

Answer 15

1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phalic
4. Latnecy
5. Gentile

Question 16

1st stage of Psychosexual development

Answer 16

ORAL
0-2y
mouths and toungue is the primary sourse of pleasure

if can’t meat the demand of the stage: nail biting, smoking, sarcastic manners

Question 17

2nd stage of Psychosexual development

Answer 17

ANAL
2-3y
ego develops, child becomes aware of demnds of other people around,
main demand of that stage - toilet training, learning to control bodily waste

if can’t meat the demand of the stage: obssesive, thoughtless personality

Question 18

3rd stage of Psychosexual

Answer 18

PHALIC
3-6y
chil goes through Oedipus complex - in boys its sexual desire for moms; they start to compete with dad in a holistic way, but then gain Castration anxiety and startd identifying with their dad and feelings towards mom become more and more repressed

if can’t meat the demand of the stage: homosexual, narcissists,

Question 19

4th stage of Psychosexual development

Answer 19

LATENCY
6-12y
development of other activities happen, means less consentration on sexual areas,
previous conflict is repressed so much that it resolves in very little to non recall from childhood

Question 20

5th stage of psychosexual development

Answer 20

Gential
puberty and older

the primary sourse is in persuit of heterosexual relationships

if can’t meat the demand of the stage:can have difficulty forming heterosexual relationships id stages before weren’t complete

Question 21

strength

eval 1 top

issues and debates

Answer 21

the strength of the Psychodynamic approach is that it considers both nature and nurture

Question 22

strength

eval 1 point

issues

Answer 22

for example the side of nature is when Freud states that we all have an innate drive to sex and aggression
we also go through the same psychosexual stages. meaning its nature drive and innate tendency to do so
however, he also supports the nurture argument, as we have Ego and Superego which interract with environment. Superego is overall the influence of environment on us, as it demands to mmet the expectation and requests of environemnt (other ppl)
and the repression as a defence mechanism - also happens because of the experience which comes from environment

Question 23

strength

eval 1 top

Answer 23

comparing to other approaches, they often consider just one side
biological - nature
slt - nurture

Question 24

eval 2 top

scientific

Answer 24

researchers argued that this approach utilises untestable not scientific methods

Question 25

eval 2 point

scientific m

Answer 25

Karl Popper argued the the whole approach is build on the circlular argument that has no emiprical testing ad therefore cant be disproved.
this approach doesnt meet the criteria for falsification
for example concept like Oedipus concept happens not at the conscious level, making this pseudoscience

Question 26

eval 2 tail

scientific m

Answer 26

nevertheless, Fisher and Greenberg: suuport the excistance of unconscious motivation in human behaviour and the defence mechanism addsscientificcredibility to psychoanalytic explanation of human behaviour

Question 27

eval 3 top

issues - weakness

Answer 27

freud’s view on females and female sexuality were less developed than his view on males

Question 28

eval 3 point

issues - weakness

Answer 28

despite the fact that Frued’s theory was based on sexuality, he decided not to take into account females and concentrate on man
causing Androcentrism and beta bias
this lead psychoanalytics like Karen Horney, to criticise it and judge for ignoring development of women and how it might vary form men

Question 29

eval 3 tail

issues - weakness

Answer 29

dismissing women and their sexuality completley from the theory has a negative impact - not only because Frued treated females (not studyin them before), but also because his theory is still influential today

Question 30

eval 4 top

issues - weakness 2

Answer 30

sue and sue argueed that this approach doent have the same value in the non-western culture
causing cultural bias

Question 31

eval 4 point

issues - weakness 2

Answer 31

because Freu studied just one country - he created beta bias in culture - assuming all are the same
while, according to that theory if uncinscious causes snxiaty and stress and leads to depession, in western culture we prefer to solve it though supportive theraputic environemnt and talking
however, in places like China - they dont like and wouldn’t talk about the issue if they depression, they avoid thoughts that cause distress.

Question 32

eval 4 tail

issues - weakness 2

Answer 32

this contrasts with western believe about open discussion and therapy, but also adds to the cultural bias of psychodynamic approach and limits very strongly its apllcation