Behaviorism

Question 1

6x

about behaviourism

Answer 1

observable, empiricle, behaviour is determined, scientific methods, cause and effect, lots of animal testing

Question 2

classical conditionig

Answer 2

-pavlov-
stimulus(UCS) triggers a natural reflex (UCR)
another stimuli is present (NS) - whixh provokes no responce
(UCS) + (NS) = (UCR)
CS=CR

Question 3

t…..

key aspect of Classical conditioning 1

Answer 3

timing
if NS cant predict the UCS then conditioning does not occur

Question 4

e……

key aspect of Classical conditioning 2

Answer 4

Extinction
a weakness of conditional
is if we break the association between the conditioned and th eunconditioned stimuli

e.g. - if the bell repeatedly ranf and there was no food = dog will stop salivating at the sound of bell

Question 5

s…..r……..

key aspect of Classical conditioning 3

Answer 5

Spontaneous Recovery
followinf Extinction if we pair CS and UCS onece again - the link will form quicker

Question 6

s……g….

key aspect of Classical conditioning 4

Answer 6

Stimulus Generalisng
once an animal has been conditioned - it will respond to other simmilar conditions

Question 7

a case of little albert

Answer 7

a case demonstrated how classical conditioning can be responcible for phobias

loud noise (UCS) - fear (UCR)
loud noise + white object (NS) - fear
white object (CS) - fear (CR)

Question 8

operant conditioning

Answer 8

-Skinner-
a produced behaviour has its consequences, they are then reinforced
which influences the likelyhood of the same behaviour to occur later

Question 9

what reinforcemnt does?
two types of reinforcment

Answer 9

increases the bahviour
+ive: occurs when consequencess are satisfying = adding a pleasent stimuli
-ive: remove something unpleasent

Question 10

what punishment does?
types of punishment

Answer 10

reduces the behaviour, as behaviour is folowed by unpleasent consequences
+ive: adding unpleasent (child swearing=wash dishes)
-ive: removing unpleasent (child swearing=taking away the phone)

Question 11

eval 1 top

Answer 11

behaviourist theory has a good application to real life, such it led to the development of Systematic disentisiation

Question 12

eval 1 point

phobias

Answer 12

therapy based on Operant conditioning, aims to reduce the link between CS and CR, by that treatin phobias.
removing anxious respond that is associated with the object
and also using OC to replace it with another reaction

Question 13

eval 1 tail
+ double

phobias

Answer 13

thereore, it a usefull application, that helps people to improve their lifes, by getting read of phobias using OC

+ double: economy

Question 14

eval 2 top

research methods

Answer 14

the strength is that all the experiments are highly controlled, they are lab experimnets

Question 15

eval 2 point

research methods

Answer 15

Skinners box is a good example of the controled experiment, as the IV - the consequences of behaviour were manipulated and therefore a good controled environment was created to observe DV - the rats behaviour.

Question 16

eval 2 tail

rm

Answer 16

this allows to establish causal relationship between variables, reducing all possible extraneous variables increases the accuracy of experiment and increasinf its reliability, therefore making an experimnet scientific and valid

Question 17

eval 3 top

Answer 17

however it ignores cognitive factors and emotionaal states

Question 18

eval 3 point

reductionism

Answer 18

calling humans a profuct of conditioning and ignorimg all the mental procceses - is very reductionistic view.
it minimises the influence of other factors like Cognition or environment.
and overall reducing human behaviour to the process of conditioning

Question 19

eval 3 tail

reductionism

Answer 19

however, skinner argued that some behaviour should be studied from the reductionistic point of view
Such as interraction with the opposite gender - Skinner says the best way to study such behaviour is to take and examine only one individual firstly (using case study)