Humanistic Approach Flashcards
tthe Humanistic psychology is
4 point of defenition
- a person centered approach,
- it is posotove psychology,
- it emphesises human’s conscious experience and their responcibility for actions.
- it focuses on vindividuals potential to become their whole self
what is the fundamental belief of humanistic psychology
all humans are good innately
maslow proposed
hierarchy of needs, that have to be fulfiled form bottom to top
two types of needs
D needs
B needs
what are the D needs
deficiency needs
physyological -> safety -> love and belonging
whatare the B needs
being needs
self esteem -> self actualisation
for how long self actualisation lasts
not for long
only 1/100 ppl can reach
can you move between satges
yes, you can fluctuate between stages
go back and forth
what is realization
when a person reahces the highest level
it is a relisation of one’s talent
maslows view on free will
maslow thinks we have free will, as in order to become the best version of yourslef you need to chose this.
this decision is not deremined by our genes or environment
what is congruence
is the similarity between real-slef and ideal-self
the higher congruence is the greter feeling of slef-worth
when its too low - incongruence - people use defence mechanism to feel less threatend
conditions of worth ?
done by whome?
Roger
conditions imposed on an individual behaviour and development that are considered necessaray!!! to ern positive regard from significant others
love and accpetance can be unconditional
can be conditional: you are accpeted only if you do smth they want you to - develops conditional positive refard, which developse into conditions of worth
focus on the self
- our self is the personal identity
- to reach congruence one must have a self-concept that matches with one’s ideal self.
- individual is seen as the best expert of themselves
- focus on the individual and councellor - acts as a guide to the truths about their unique self
- humanistic approach focuses on individual and helps to reach full congruence
influence of councelling
(therapisit)
therepists are guides
help ppl to understnad themselves and find the ways to reach slef actual
help to disolve conditions of worth by giving unconditional positive regard
sufficient clien-therapist relationships
x3
- empathetic understanding (seeing things through client’s perspective)
- unconditional positive regad
- a congruent therapist who is in touch with their own feelings
eval 1 top
evaluating humanistic research scientifically is difficult because most of the evidence that support this research - dont establish causal relationship
eval 1 point
Roger - advocate of non-experimental method.
areguing that reqiermants of experimnetal methods make it impossible to verify the results of counciling
Most psychologicst will argue that experimental methods are neccessary to evaluate the use of therapy or theory
eval 1 tail
although some studies shown the progress and personal growth as a result of humanistic approach, these dont show that the therapy caused changes
eval 2 top
a strength of research is that it has relevance on a large scale, than just individual growth
eval 2 point
Hagerty looked at the relationship between economic growth and the measure of maslows levels in 88 countries over a 34 year period .
found that countries ib the early stage of economic development were at the lower stages of Maslows hierarchy - completeng physyiologucal and safety needs
eval 2 tail
as predicted by maslow it would be only in the economcally developed countries that self esteem and self actualisation became important
proving its use on the large scale,
it can be also used to improve people’s lives
eval 3 top
the research contains Culture bias
specifically beta bias
eval 3 point
for example in China belongingess needs are more fundamental and important than physiological. and self-actualisation is more about bringing into community rather than solely investing in ‘self’ therefore Maslows triangle contradicts with the culture, therefore if we want to judge and compare countries using humanistic appriach it will be biased
eval 3 tail
this is due to the differnce between collectivistic and individualistic culture. however it means the research’s application is limited to the use only arounf individualistic countries and cant be applied to all
eval 4 top
a strength of the research is that it is holistic
eval 4 point
as it focuses on tthe whole development of self, considers all aspects of indivual and believes indivisual knows aboutt themselves better, it appears not to be reductionist.
unlike biological approach that reduces behaviour to the work of neutransmitters and genes, and disorders like depression to the imbalance of them.
eval 4 tail
this is the only approach that takes into account all the aspects in a holistic manner.
eval 4 double
however, it hold unrelistic view. critics point at more siginificant influenes on the behaviour.
and say that H.A. focuses too much on the personal growth, and ignores situational factors, which can provide a relistic explanation of everyday behaviour
