The Cognitive approach

Question 1

whatr is cognitive approach

Answer 1

it studies information processing and internal mental processes
e.g. memory, attention, perception, emotions

Question 2

cognitive approach has to be studied through

Answer 2

inference (assumption)
because you cant see the internal mental, therefore you have to assume how it happens based on the evidence that you have

Question 3

the role of schemas in cognitive approach
(positives)

Answer 3

they help us to organise and interpret information, to predict future events,
it is based on the existing expectations,
and works as a shortcut when our brain needs to fill in the info we dont know

Question 4

the downside of schemas in cognitive approach

Answer 4

it can support stereotypes
it focuses only on the things that confirm our pre-existing belives and supports the stereotypes
it excludes info that is not on the schema
may cause inaccurate recall (eye whitness testimony)

Question 5

what is Disequilibrium

Answer 5

an unpleasant state we entter when an existing schema doesnt allow us to make sense of something new

Question 6

to get rid of disequilibrium

Answer 6

we are motivted to learn

Question 7

what`s assimilation

Answer 7

putting info into exsiting schemas, even if it shouldn’t be in exectly that schema

Question 8

what is accommodation

Answer 8

changing our schemas based on the experience and new info

Question 9

theoretical and computer models

Answer 9

e.g. MSM
usually oversimplify, incoplete, informal and keep changing

Question 10

to understand the bahaviour the reseracher have to …

Answer 10

conduct and experiment
construct a model

Question 11

analogy with a computer

Answer 11

input - external stimuli and any input of info into our brain
RAM -processing info like MSM, WMM
hard drive - storing info, with potentially unlimited duration
output - process responsible for preparing appropriate response to a stimuli

Question 12

the cognitive neuoroscinece
two methods

Answer 12

most advanced way of studying the brain using PET and fMRI

Question 13

examples of PET

Answer 13

both episodic and semantic memories light up the Prefrontal cortex
but episodic - in the right hem
and semantic - in the left hem

Question 14

examples of PET and OCD

Answer 14

investigation the causes of OCD -
indicating:

high levels of dopamine and low levels of serotonin

high activity in the orbital frontal cortex - associated with impulse control, thought process which explains the compulsive hand washing

Question 15

examples of fMRI

Answer 15

-safer than PET, non invasive
-spatual resolution = good
-temporal resolution = bad (how quickly the scanner can show)
-measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow

Question 16

how the fMRI measures

Answer 16

BOLD
blood oxygention level dependent activity

Question 17

ev

eval 1 top

cognitive approach

Answer 17

tells how the complex cognitive processes happen but not why the happen firstplace

Question 18

how not why

eval 1 point

cognitive approach

Answer 18

the role of emotions and feelings is not being taken into account. However the approach the focuses on motivation happen to ignore cognitive processes.
such an approach by Freud psychodynamic - largely relys on the Id, ego, superego which are not the internal processes

Question 19

how not why

eval 1 tail

cognitive approach

Answer 19

lack of inclusion of motivational and emotinal aspect, is because the approach is over dependent on the processing info, and also motivation is irrelevant to a computer,
however, it is rellavent to humans
comparison to computer oversimplifys

Question 20

eval 2 top

cognitive approach

Answer 20

claimes to be oversimplistic
when comparing humans to computers

Question 21

eval 2 point

cognitive approach

Answer 21

Machine Reductionist
brain is significantly more complex then a machine,
it is capable of emotions, of consxiousnes and feelings
which also influence the behaviour
even though there are some simmilar process, their fundumental porpuse is different
however, there are also some differnces
such human memory is unable to replicate all info flawlesly, while computerse have 100% accuracy

Question 22

eval 2 tail

cognitive approach

Answer 22

therefore, explaining solely a human brain as a computer is oversymplifying it.

Question 23

eval 3 top

cognitive approach

Answer 23

the research has low ecological validity

Question 24

eval 3 point

cognitive approach

Answer 24

as to study inetrnal process like memory, ppts had to perforem cogntive tasks like memorising an irrelvent material, that are meaningless in real life
rather than basing the activity on the material that is used every day
e.g. why we forget

Question 25

eval 3 tail

Answer 25

therefore it becomes harder to generalise to real life, as findings lack ecological validity
it fails to reflcet on the behaviour that occur every day

Question 26

eval 4 top

cognitive approach

Answer 26

nevertheles, research is very scientific

Question 27

eval 4 point

cognitive approach

Answer 27

use of experimental methods provide a reseacher with strict requests and methods, therefore making the findings fully reliable, and accurate.
as the scientific research includes empricism (testing, which is done trhough experiment) , replicability (procedure is written specificaly and is easy to replicate) and objectivity (no investigator effect)

Question 28

eval 4 tail

cognitive approach

Answer 28

therefore, the findings are based on empiricale findings, not senses
so, they dont give a misleading info about how our internal processes work,

however they are still not as scientifc as biological and behavioural approaches