the presidency Flashcards
furlow
federal employees not paid, dont come to work due to government shut down
vesting clause/ executive clause
powers of the executive branch invested in the president
take care clause
the president to faithfully execute the laws of the us
executive powers
implement or carryout laws, policy implementation
state of the union address
president has to inform congress the state of the union
richard neustadt stated what
the greatest power is found in persuasion, politics and public opinion.
bully pulpit
using media coverage to go around congress to persuade the people
examples of power of persuasion
abraham- gettysburg address, divided house cant stand
FDR- fire side chat, ;etters, changed mail room for new deal
who changed the way executive and legislative branch dealt with each other
FDR
when executive power increase..
legislative and civil liberties decrease
ex: patriots act after 9/11 and japanese internment camps
FDR four freedoms
speech, religion, from want (basic needs), from fear( of invasion)
president
voted into power, limited to 2 four year terms, cabinet members are often times not legislatures when appointed, not same party majority, only 13% legislatures before, dissociate from congress, can get impeached with removal
prime minster
chosen by majority party in legislature, unlimited 5 year terms, stay in power as long as majority party still in power, cabinet members appointed from majority party, always majority party member, always legislators before, always an insider, can get voted out with no confidence vote
why is there gridlock in unified government
intra party ideological differences, different constituents within government, separation of powers, checks and balances (intentionally slow and inefficient)
what main things lead to gridlock
hyper partisanship and polarization
divided government
supposedly heightens partisanship, slows legislation, contributes to a deadline in public trust in government, makes compromise necessary
presidential powers
commander in chief treaty making, chief diplomat, pardon power veto power pocket veto state of union appointment power
do americans want a divided government, why?
yes, have been split ticket voting since the 1960s, due to dealignment, they wants compromises
fed paper 10
dangers of factions, wants pluralist theory
fed paper 51
genius of separation of powers
why is gridlock good
slows things down, gives people chance to be heard, popular sovereignty
founders concerns for one president
feared military power, presidential corruption of senate, bribery to ensure reelection
power of persuasion
president uses its power through bully pulpit and media to persuade their constituents in order to carry out their agenda and go around congress
myth of unified government
supposed to be making lots and fast legislation but the opposite
split ticket voting is about
dealignment
the link between enumerated and informal presidential powers is the
take care clause
take care clause
the presidents ability to be the chief executive and implement policy, most elastic and broadest power
implementation of public policy pyramid
president
cabinet
15 departments of bureaucracy
agencies
presidential informal powers
executive agreement, order, privilege, legislative initiative, directing cabinet members
executive order
order issues by the president to carry the force of the law, allows president to work unilaterally
Can executive orders be overturned
yes by congress or supreme court, and can be taken down by the next president
Korematsu v US 1944
born in america, citizen, civil liberties taken away, arbitrary, FDR and SC allow it and kormatsu loses
executive agreements
an agreement made between the president and another head of state, does not require ratification by senate, more efficient
executive privilege
ability of executive to withhold information from the other branches, based on national security, can be overturned by court order
legislative initiative
the executive can draft legislation and give it to congress to turn into passable legislation
directing cabinet members
enumerated power creates an inherent power to direct offices
unilaterally
without congress
american civil liberties union
special interest group that represented korematsu
example of executive orders
9066 internment camps, Louisiana purchase
what happens to power in a crisis
executive power increases, legislative decreases
clinton v NY
struck down line item veto, said president must accept or reject entire bill
president requirements
35 years old, lived in US 14 years, natural born citizen
pyramid
hierarchical structure, subordinates report to president through clear chain of command
circular
several of presidents assistants report directly to him
ad hoc
several subordinates, cabinet officers, task force, committees, etc report directly to president on various matters
does the president need senate approval to fire or hire white house staff
no
white house chief of staff
controls what info president sees, most important person
white house staff
closest advisory, provide president with policy options and analysis
gatekeeper
manages flow of information, created by FDR
press secretary
messenger of the white houses position on issues to stay on message
EOP
executive office of president, OMB, NSC, CEA,
OMB
largest office within EOP, assist president in overseeing the preparation of the federal budget
NSC
National security council, top military and foreign advisors
CEA
council of economic advisors, group of leading economists who advise president on economic policy
signing statement
informal power of president, directive to federal bureaucracy, not to implement a certain section of a bill
social safety net
social security, medicaid, medicare
entitlement programs q
citizens are entitled to a gov benefit if eligibility requirements are met
FDR court packing
9-15 justices, wanted new deal to pass
presidential approval ratings pattern
honeymoon increase
decrease into 3rd year
increase second term, re election
decrease second term
factors increase presidential approval
honeymoon period, foreign policy success, foreign crisis rally around flag, strong economic growth, low unemployment, positive media coverage
factors decrease presidential approval
scandal, foreign wars go bad, weak economic growth, high unemployment, high expectations
12 amendment
electors vote for president and VP together, reforms electoral college
20 amendment
inauguration moved from march 4 to january 20, lame duck amendment
22 amendment
limits president to two terms or 10 years after FDR in office for four years
23 amendment
awards electors to district columbia 23, 3 EC for DC
25 amendment
addressed potential vacancy of disability, president has to claim unfit or unable, presidential succession
25 amendment succession of president
VP, speaker of house, president pro tempore, cabinet
cabinet
15 departments, one attorney general, informal
going native
disagreeing with president
balancing a ticket
selecting VP graphically, ideologically, or similar experiences
congressional delegation of power
congress giving to executive more power through legislation
bureaucrats
career long, federal gov employees, civil servants
technocrats
expertise policy
what is a check on congressional delegation
Judicial review
congress delegates power due to
practicality, historically, politically
wars power act of 1973
congress tries to restrain presidential power, president must notify congress within 48 hours of sending troops, only keeps in 60-90 days
budget reform act of 1974
requires president to spend all appropriate funds, unless he first tells congress which funds not to spend
public perception of bureaucracy
slow, inefficient, impersonal, red tape, tons of hurdles to jump through
bureaucracy
professional corporations of unelected officials organized in a pyramid hierarchy, functioning under impersonal, uniform rules and procedures
merit based system for bureaucrats
have to go through tests and interviews to make sure experts
prior to pendleton act, how were bureaucrats elected
jobs won by supporting president
bureaucrats
carry out responsibilities assigned to them through congressional legislation
broad discretion
experts
narrow discretion
congress specifically wants a bill implemented in a very specific way
munn v illinois
gov can regulate private industries, consumer protection agencies can create rules and regulations that businesses and public must follow
independent regulatory commissions or agencies q
regulate specific economic activity, operate independently from congress
monetary policy
money supply, interest rates
fiscal policy
taxing and spending
Government corporations
Government owned business created by Congress
Serves public needs, ex postal
Who controls beuracracy
Dual authority
Congress and Executive
With bureaucracy president can
Appoint removes heads of agencies
Reorganize
Issue executive orders
Reduce agencies budget
With bureaucracy congress can
Create or abolish agencies or departments
Cut or reduce funding
Investigate agency activities
Hold committee hearings
Pass legislation for agency function
Influence or not confirm presidential appointments
With bureaucracy federal courts can
Judicial review
Provide due process
