The Plant Kingdom & Bryophytes

Question 1

Embryophyta=plant kingdom
pigments
storage

Answer 1

A) Pigments (like those of green algae):
* Chlorophyll a
* Chlorophyll b
* Carotenoids
B) Storage carbohydrate = starch

Question 2

Multicellular gametangia in primitive members
(greater protection of gametes)

Answer 2

Antheridium
Archegonium

Question 3

Antheridium

Answer 3

male gametangium

Question 4

Archegonium

Answer 4

female gametangium

Question 5

2. Multicellular embryo process

Answer 5

Zygote → embryo → sporophyte

Question 6

3. True alternation of generations:

Answer 6

– between a multicellular sporophyte and a
multicellular gametophyte
– trend towards a dominant sporophyte

Question 7

Plant Kingdom all have

Answer 7

oogamy have eggs and motile or non-motile sperm

lignin

cuticle

Question 8

most plant kingdoms have

Answer 8

stomates

Question 9

Trends in Evolution in the Plant Kingdom less advanced

Answer 9

a) motile sperm (water needed for reproduction)

b) lack of vascualr tissue (small,low growing, in moist area at least part of time)

c) gametophyte is dominant

Question 10

Trends in Evolution in the Plant Kingdom more advanced

Answer 10

-non-motile sperm
-have vascular tissue(can be larger)
-sprophyte is domiant

Question 11

A true gametophyte NEVER

Answer 11

has vascular tissue

Question 12

The sporophyte evolved

Answer 12

vascular tissue; the gametophyte did not

Question 13

Bryophytes what are they and examples

Answer 13

• Primitive nonvascular plants:
  – Liverworts
  – Hornworts
  – Mosses

Question 14

Bryophyte Characteristics form

Answer 14

1. Lack vascular tissue
2. No true leaves, roots, or stems
   – Some are “leafy”
   – Some have rhizoids for anchoring
3. Motile sperm
4. Oogamy
5. Have multicellular gametangia
   – Archegonia
   – Antheridia
6. Small
7. Sporophyte is permanently attached to
   gametophyte and partially parasitic on it
   =

Question 15

Bryophyte Characteristics found where and what is dominant

Answer 15

Gametophyte is dominant

7. Found in moist environments for at least part
   of the year

Question 16

Liverworts

Answer 16

. Thalloid non -“leafy” liverworts
* Flattened body = thallus
* Has rhizoids for anchoring
* e.g. Marchantia

Question 17

Life cycle of Marchantia

Answer 17

*Dominant gametophyte
*Sporophyte is permanently attached
to gametophyte
*No true leaves, roots or stems
*No vascular tissue
*Homospory = 1 spore type
*Gametophores:
Antheridiophores “umbrellas”
Archegoniophores “palm trees”
*Multicellular gametangia
Archegonia with eggs
Antheridia with sperm
*Motile sperm
*Water required for reproduction
*Zygote Embryo
*Asexual reproduction by gemmae

Question 18

Marchantia ex

Answer 18

Sporophytes
gemme cups
archegoniophores
atheridiophores

Question 19

2. “Leafy” Liverworts
   how many speces and where are they found

Answer 19

• Many in tropical forests
  and fog belts
  – In high humidity

Question 20

B. Hornworts

Answer 20

– Sporophytes grow out of archegonia
– Sporophytes have stomates
– Gametophyte = thallus

Question 21

Bryophytes C. True Mosses
live where
have true what
and has what stage

Answer 21

– Live in moist areas but can dry out
– No true leaves, roots, or stems
* Have rhizoids
* Have hydroids = specialized transport cells
* No true vascular tissue
– Have the protonema stage
* Branching filament of cells
* Similar to a green alga

Question 22

Life cycle of a Moss

Answer 22

*Dominant gametophyte
*Sporophyte is permanently attached
to gametophyte and partially parasitic
on it
*No true leaves, roots or stems
*No vascular tissue
*Homospory = 1 spore type
*Protonema= Branching filaments
reminiscent of green algae
*Multicellular gametangia
Archegonia with eggs
Antheridia with sperm
*Motile sperm
*Water required for reproduction
*Zygote Embryo

Question 23

Moss uses

Answer 23

diapers
wound dressing