Ferns and Fern Allies

Question 1

Pteridophytes =Ferns and Fern Allies

all the types and example

Answer 1

A. Phylum Psilotophyta (Whisk “ferns”)
e.g. Psilotum
B. Phylum Lycophyta
1. Club “mosses”
e.g. Lycopodium (gound “pine”)
e.g. Selaginella (spike “moss”)
2. Quillworts
e.g. Isoetes
C. Phylum Equisitophyta
Horsetails and Scouring Rushes
e.g. Equisetum
D. Phylum Polypodiophyta (True ferns)

Question 2

Pteridophytes All have vascular tissue in the sporophyte.

Answer 2

The sporophyte is dominant (sporophyte
evolved vascular tissue)
No vascular tissue in the haploid gametophyte

Question 3

Pteridophytes sperm are motile

Answer 3

Water is needed for reproduction
Still typically in moist environments or in
moist environments at least part of the time.

Question 4

Pteridophytes none have what

Answer 4

seeds

Question 5

Psilotum
has waht
and doesnt have waht (vascular tissue)

has what forms
underground stems

Answer 5

• Has stomates
• No true leaves, no true roots (no vascular tissue)
• True stems (have vascular tissue)
• Has enations (pre-leaves), no vascular tissue
• Rhizome (underground stem) with rhizoids for
  anchoring

Question 6

Psilotum Life Cycle

Answer 6

*Dominant Sporophyte
with Vascular tissue
*True stems only
*No true leaves or roots,
enations = pre-leaves
*Homospory (one spore
type)
*Multicellular gametangia
*Motile sperm
*Water needed for
reproduction
*Zygote Embryo
B

Question 7

Lycophyta
club mosses

Answer 7

Have vascular tissue in sporophyte
Have true leaves, roots, and stems
Leaves are microphylls with one main vein (primitive)
Lycopodium
homospory
selaginella
heterospory
microspores and megaspores

Question 8

Lycopodium

Answer 8

ground pine

Question 9

Homospory

Answer 9

one spore type

Question 10

Selaginella

Answer 10

spike “moss:

Question 11

Heterospory

Answer 11

2 spore types

Question 12

Lycopodium Life Cycle

Answer 12

*Dominant Sporophyte with
Vascular tissue
*True leaves, roots & stems
Leaves = microphylls
*Strobili with sporangia
*Homospory: one spore type
*Multicellular gametangia
*Motile sperm
*Water needed for
reproduction
*Zygote Embryo

Question 13

Selaginella Life Cycle

Answer 13

*Dominant Sporophyte with
Vascular tissue
*True leaves, roots & stems
Leaves = microphylls
*Strobili with sporangia
*Heterospory (2 spore types)
megaspores & microspores
*Multicellular gametangia
*Motile sperm
*Water needed for
reproduction
*Zygote Embryo

Question 14

2. Quillworts

Answer 14

Have vascular tissue in sporophyte
Have true leaves, roots, and stems
Leaves are microphylls with one main vein
Also has
heterospory

Question 15

C. Equisitophyta

Answer 15

• Jointed stems and whorled leaves (microphylls)
• Silica present

Question 16

Equisetum Life Cycle

Answer 16

*Dominant Sporophyte with
Vascular tissue
*True leaves, roots & stems
Leaves = microphylls
*Strobili with sporangia
*Jointed stems, whorled leaves
and/or branches
*Homospory: one spore type
*Multicellular gametangia
*Motile sperm
*Water needed for reproduction
*Zygote Embryo

Question 17

Carboniferous

Answer 17

• c. 325 million years ago
• Tree lycophytes were dominant
• e.g. Lepidodendron
• Relatives of horsetails
• e.g. Calamites
• Soft coal

– Spores of giant club mosses and horsetails

Question 18

Soft coal

Answer 18

cannel

Question 19

D. Phylum Polypodiophyta

Answer 19

Have megaphylls (leaves with branching veins)
* Much diversity:
– Tiny Azolla to giant tree ferns

Question 20

Fern Life Cycle

Answer 20

*Dominant Sporophyte with
Vascular tissue
*True leaves, roots & stems
Leaves = megaphylls = fronds
*Sori with sporangia
*Homospory: one spore type
*Gametophyte = prothallus
*Multicellular gametangia
*Motile sperm
*Water needed for reproduction
*Zygote Embryo