Exam 1 slides 1 and 2 Flashcards
plants face
the light
photoperiodism
length of the day and night
light quality
intensity,light spectrum
cytoplasmic streaming, cyclosis
the circulation of the chloroplasts being carried in by the cytoplasm
elodea (cytoplasmic movement)
sensitive plants
for example mimosa they leaflets close when touched
are plant cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic
eukaryotic
dictyosomes
Golgi bodies
-stacks of flattened disks
each stack=dictyosomes (AKA Golgi body animals)
Angiosperm
seeds in a vessel fruits or flowers etc
gymnosperm
Seed plant that produces naked seeds, conifers
cytomembrane system
membrane bound organelles of the endomembrane system
scanning electron microscope
surface
transmission electron microsope
inside
vascular membrane=
tonoplast
vascular membrane are
-derived from the er or Golgi apparatus
-controls the movement of substances into and out of vacuole which is an important organelle.
Plant cell biology (cytology)
the study of the
structure and function of plant cells
plant anatomy
the study of the internal structure of plants
Plant physiology
the study of the physiological
processes or functions of plants
Plant molecular biology
the study of plants at the
DNA, RNA, and protein level.
Plant biotechnology
the introduction of desirable
traits into plants through genetic modification
Plant pathology
the study of plant diseases
Plant morphology
the study of the external form of
plants as well as their life cycles
Evolutionary plant biology
the study of how plants
have evolved or changed over time resulting in the plant
diversity that exists today.
Economic botany
a study of the relationship between
plants and people, and how plants are used by people
Plant ecology
a study of the interactions between
plants and other organisms, and interactions with the
environment
Plant geography
a study of how and why plants
are distributed where they are
Plant taxonomy
involves describing, naming, and
classifying plants
Plant systematics
the science for developing
methods of grouping organisms
Plant genetics
the study of heredity in plants
The Large Central Vacuole develops
Develops from small vacuoles
role of central vacoule
- Helps provide rigidity to living cells
- Helps maintain homeostasis in cell
- Contains cell sap
Cell Sap of Vacuole
It is acidic
* Contains:
– Water
– Wastes
– Oils
– Sugars
– Proteins
-Plant pigments
-salts
plant pigments
e.g. anthocyanins: water soluble, red, purple, blue
pigments (color is pH dependent)
– Japanese barberry
– Red cabbage
– Cherries
– Hydrangeas
cell saps salts
Can form crystals
– e.g. Calcium oxalate crystals (high amount in spinach, rhubarb, Swiss chard, (can promote kidney stone formation)
- Types of crystals
– Druses
– Raphides
Roles of crystals
– Defense against grazing animals and other herbivores such as insects
– Regulation of calcium concentrations in cells and tissues
Types of crystals
– Druses
– Raphides
Not part of Endomembrane System
Mitochondria;
Chloroplasts & other Plastids
Endosymbiosis Theory:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts developed from bacteria
that were taken into eukaryotic cells to live in symbiosis.
why do Mitochondria and chloroplasts, have characteristics of
prokaryotic bacteria
-have their own circular DNA
* have their own ribosomes
* they are of similar size to bacteria
* they divide by fission
Plastids
1.leucoplast
2.chromoplasts
3.chloroplasts
4. proplastids
Leucoplasts
colorless
amyloplasts
elaioplasts
Amyloplasts
have amylose (starch), contain 3 or
more starch grains
chromoplasts
Contain red, orange, yellow carotenoid pigments
Elaioplasts
store oils
chloroplasts
green
-Contain chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments
– Sites of photosynthesis
Proplastids
give rise to plastids
Plant Cells are diff from animal cells cause
-Cell wall
* Plastids
* Large central vacuole
Animal cells are diff from plant cells cause
- No cell wall
- No plastids
- Small vacuoles
