The Plague

Question 1

What is the etiological agent that caused The Plague

Answer 1

Yersinia Petis

Question 2

describe Yersinia Petis

Answer 2

Gram negative; Bipolar-staining bacillus

Question 3

What are the three factors that caused the spread of the plague

Answer 3

the bacterium, the rodent, the flea

Question 4

which rodent spread the plague

Answer 4

the black rat (Rattus Rattus)

Question 5

what is the primary target for Yersina Petis

Answer 5

the black rat

Question 6

how do the three factors spread the disease

Answer 6

The bacterium infects the rodent. the flea feeds on the rodent and inoculates itself. The bacterium multiplies inside of the flea. The flea carries the bacterium and infects humans due to unsanitary lifestyle.

Question 7

what are the clinical forms of the plauge

Answer 7

Bubonic and Pneumonic

Question 8

what is the incubation time for the Bubonic form of the plague

Answer 8

1-6 days

Question 9

which clinical form of the plague travels to the lymph nodes and cause swelling

Answer 9

Bubonic

Question 10

after a lymph node has become tender, swollen and hot to touch it is called

Answer 10

Bubo

Question 11

How does the Bubonic form travel through the body

Answer 11

Bacterium multiplies at flea bite and forms primary plague pustule. Then travels to lymph nodes which causes swelling and necrosis due to hemorrhagic inflammation forming Bubos. Then spreads to lungs, spline, and liver causing wide-spread hemorrhaging and rashes resulting in death

Question 12

How many people died from the plague

Answer 12

over 200 million

Question 13

how many bacterium is needed to cause disease

Answer 13

1

Question 14

How long does the Bubonic form take to cause death

Answer 14

3-5 days after onset of symptoms.

Question 15

what is the mortality rate of the bubonic form

Answer 15

60-90%

Question 16

how is the bubonic form usually transmitted

Answer 16

through a flea bite

Question 17

how is the pneumonic form spread

Answer 17

respiration (human to human)

Question 18

which of the two forms of the plague is more leathal

Answer 18

Pneumonic

Question 19

how does the pneumonic form operate in the body

Answer 19

yersinia replicates in the lungs causing congestion and coughing. Victim begins to cough up blood and suffocates due to lack of oxygen in which causes skin to darken to a bluish-black that leads to death.

Question 20

What is the incubation time for the pneumonic form.

Answer 20

10-15 hrs after onset of fever

Question 21

how long does it take for the pneumonic plague to kill you

Answer 21

3 days

Question 22

what is the mortality rate of the pneumonic form.

Answer 22

100%

Question 23

when did the first pandemic occur

Answer 23

541 A.D. in the Mediterranean

Question 24

How long did the first pandemic last

Answer 24

14 successive epidemics lasting 200 yrs

Question 25

what was the death toll of the first pandemic

Answer 25

40 million

Question 26

when did the 1st pandemic end

Answer 26

~767 A.D.

Question 27

When did the 2nd pandemic occur

Answer 27

~1347

Question 28

What was the name of the time between 1347-1352

Answer 28

The time of the Black Death killing ~25 million

Question 29

When did the 2nd plague end

Answer 29

1771

Question 30

who established the epidemiology of the Plague

Answer 30

Paul-Louis Simond

Question 31

when was the epidemiology of the plague discovered

Answer 31

1868

Question 32

how is the plague treated

Answer 32

using streptomycin or other antibiotics

Question 33

are there vaccines for the plague

Answer 33

There is a killed bacteria vaccine but it does not protect you against respiratory exposures and needs boosters