Paralytic Poliomyelitis

Question 1

What does the name Polio and myelos mean

Answer 1

Gray and spinal cord

Question 2

How is poliomyelitis characterized

Answer 2

by the destruction of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord

Question 3

there are ___ human poliovirus serotypes

Answer 3

three

Question 4

what is the etiological agent of Polio

Answer 4

Picornavirus

Question 5

describe the etiological agent of polio

Answer 5

naked, icosahedral symmetry, linear single stranded RNA, encoding for 6-8 proteins

Question 6

who discovered polio and when

Answer 6

Karl Landsteiner ; 1908

Question 7

Describe the pathogenesis of Polio

Answer 7

Ingested poliovirus infects oropharynx and intestines. Virus spreads to regional lymph nodes to produce a minor viremia that is short lasting with little symptoms. In <10% of cases virus replication in reticuloendothelial tissue major viremia. Poliovirus spreads from blood to the central nervous system which leads to major illness in .1-1% of cases. Virus travels within CNS to produce necrotic leasions within gray matter of anterior horn and motor nuclei of pons and medulla.

Question 8

what are the two subclasses of paralytic poliomyelitis

Answer 8

Spinal Polio and Bulbar Polio

Question 9

which subclass has weakness of muscles supplied by motor nerves and includes the skeletal muscles

Answer 9

Spinal Polio

Question 10

the subclass that shows muscle weakness in the face, tongue, swallowing and respiration due to cranial nerves is ___

Answer 10

Bulbar Polio

Question 11

Paralysis most often progresses for ___ after onset

Answer 11

1-3 days

Question 12

very little additional recovery of strength after how long

Answer 12

9 months

Question 13

what is the mortality rate for Spinal Polio

Answer 13

4-6%

Question 14

what is the mortality rate for Bulbar Polio

Answer 14

20-40%

Question 15

Why is Bulbar more deadly than spinal polio

Answer 15

due to the weakness of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm which allows you to breath

Question 16

When did polio shift from endemic to epidemic in Europe and US

Answer 16

19th century

Question 17

What was the nick name acquired by polio and why

Answer 17

Infantile Paralysis ; 132 cases among children and 18 deaths

Question 18

why was there a shift to epidemic in polio

Answer 18

because sanitation standards improved and there was a loss of herd immunity

Question 19

how is polio transmitted

Answer 19

transmitted by the fecal oral route

Question 20

what were the two failed vaccines for Polio

Answer 20

Brodi and Kolmer

Question 21

What were the three important findings

Answer 21

1949- Poliovirus found to grow in tissue culture cells not from the nervous system; 1949- 3 distinct types poliovirus all capable of causing disease; 1952- Poliovirus found in the blood of monkeys in experimental studies

Question 22

What were the two successful vaccines for Polio

Answer 22

Salk and Sabin

Question 23

Which vaccine came out on top and why

Answer 23

Sabin Vaccine, there were concerns after outbreaks occurred do to lack of Salk vaccine boosters. Sabin vaccine does not require boosters.