The Pharyngeal arches and their derivatives in the head and neck

Question 1

The Pharyngeal arches

Answer 1

Forms structures the viscerocranium, as well as structures in the neck, develop from branchial or pharyngeal arches. The Pharyngeal arches alternate with the grooves and pouches.

Question 2

Pharyngeal pouches

Answer 2

In a 1 month embryo, there are 4 lateral pairs of pharyngeal outpocketings that are lined with endoderm called the Pharyngeal pouches.

Question 3

Pharyngeal Grooves

Answer 3

The outer ectoderm of this region forms 4 pairs of inpocketings called the pharyngeal grooves that approach the pouches.

Question 4

Aortic Arch

Answer 4

Central to each pharyngeal arch. it extends from the ventral aorta to dorsal aorta.

Question 5

Cranial nerve

Answer 5

Center for each arch

Question 6

Central rod of cartilage

Answer 6

Central to each arch.

Question 7

1st pharyngeal arch

Answer 7

Contributes to viscerocranium. Consists of:
-An anterior and maxiallry process and posterior mandibular process.

The cartilage of this arch is called the meckel’s cartliage and is associated with mandibular process.

Question 8

meckels arch

Answer 8

The cartilage of first pharyngeal arch is called the Meckel’s cartilage and is associated with the mandibular process.
- The upper part becomes enclosed in the developing of middle ear cavity and gives rise to middle ear ossicle.

Question 9

The malleus

Answer 9

Middle ear ossicle

Question 10

The Incus

Answer 10

Forms from the cartilage of the maxillary process

Question 11

The Second Pharyngeal arch (The Hyoid Arch)

Answer 11

The upper end of the hyoid arch forms the stapes. The third middle ear ossicle. Another part fuses with the temporal bone to form the styloid process.

Question 12

The Hyoid bone

Answer 12

Is the fusion of both hyoid cartilage and 3rd cartilage. This fusion also gives rise to the stylohyoid ligament.

Question 13

Pharyngeal arch 1

• Nerve
• Skeleton

Answer 13

-Nerve: CNV: Trigeminal mandibular division.

• Skeleton:
• -Quadratus cartilage (incus)
• -Meckel’s cartilage (malleus)
• -Sphenomandibular ligament which is a portion of the mandible

Question 14

Pharyngeal arch 1 muscles:

Answer 14

• Muscles: Muscles of mastication temporal, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids.
• Mylohyoid
• anterior belly of digastric
• Tensor Palatine
• Tensor tympani

Question 15

Pharyngeal arch 2

Nerves and skeleton

Answer 15

Nerves: CN VII Facial nerve.
Skeleton: 
-Stapes
-Styloid process
-stylohyoid ligament
-lesser horn and the upper portion of the body of the hyoid bone.

Question 16

Pharyngeal arch 2

Muscles:

Answer 16

• Muscles of facial expression
• posterior belly of digastric
• Stylohyoid muscle
• stapedius

Question 17

Pharyngeal arch 3
Nerve:
Muscle:
Skeleton

Answer 17

Nerve: CNIX: Hypoglossal nerve
Muscles: Stylopharyngeus
Skeleton: Greater and lower portion of the hyoid bone.

Question 18

Pharyngeal arches 4-6

neves:

Answer 18

Nerves:

• CNX vagus nerve pharyngeal branch
• Superior laryngeal branch nerve to 4th arch
• Recurrent laryngeal branch nerve to 6th arch

Question 19

Pharyngeal arches 4-6

Muscles:

Answer 19

• Levator Palatine
• 3 constrictors of the pharynx
• Cricothyroid
• Cricopharyngeus

-Intrinsic muscles of pharynx

Question 20

Pharyngeal arches 4-6

Skeleton

Answer 20

Laryngeal cartilage, thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform