Subdivisions of Anterior Triangle: Carotid triangle, submental triangle and submandibular triangle

Question 1

Carotid triangle:

Answer 1

Named because of common carotid artery

Question 2

Boundries of carotid triangle

Answer 2

• superior belly of omohyoid
• posterior belly of digastric
• anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 3

CN XI

Answer 3

(Accessory nerve)Supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. its found near the mastoid process.

Question 4

What can you find around the the tip of the greater horn of hyoid bone?

Answer 4

• Hypoglossal n (CN XII) turns forward towards tongue just superior to the tip of greater horn
• fibers from C1 and C2 (Mostly C1) hitchhike on CN XII split off at this point to supply thyrohyoid bone.
• posterior belly of digastric is lateral to CN XII

Question 5

Occipital A

Answer 5

Loops over CNXII to digastric muscle

Question 6

Ansa Cervicalis

Answer 6

Superior root (Descendents hypoglossi; mostly C1; Separate a from CNXII deep to digastric muscle.
-Inferior root of ansa( mostly C2-C3 fibers) joins superior root to form a loop or ansa. branch from the loop supply strap muscle.

Question 7

Vagus nerve

Answer 7

lies within the carotid triangle

Question 8

Superior laryngeal n

Answer 8

branches of vagus nerve. in the submandibular triangle but sends two branches to the carotid triangle.

Question 9

Internal Laryngeal n

Answer 9

appears in the carotid triangle just inferior to the tip of the greater horn of the hyoid bone.
penetrates thyrohyoid membrane in company with superior laryngeal a. to supply sensibility to superior half of larynx

Question 10

External laryngeal n

Answer 10

Appears in carotid triangle posterior to the internal laryngeal n. Travels with the superior thyroid a.
It provides a motor function to cricothyroid muscle. And adjacent inferior constrictor m.

Question 11

Deep vessles of the neck include

Answer 11

• carotid sheath.
• common carotid a
• internal carotid a
• carotid body
• carotid sinus
• external carotid a

Question 12

Carotid sheath

Answer 12

connective tissue sheath that encloses vagus, common and internal carotid arteries as well as the internal jugular vein.

Question 13

Common carotid artery

Answer 13

Has no collateral branches.

-bifurcates into internal and external carotid artery. just inferior to the tip of greater horn of hyoid bone.

Question 14

internal carotid artery

Answer 14

• Provides primary supply of brain and special senses
• enters the carotid canal at the base of the skull
• has no branches in the neck.

Question 15

Carotid body

Answer 15

Located on the medial surface of the carotid bifurcation; responds to O2 and CO2 concentrations.

Question 16

Carotid sinus

Answer 16

A dialation at beginning of internal and end of common carotids; sensitive to pressure.

Question 17

External carotid artery

Answer 17

Primary supply to braincase and face. 
Branches into:
-Facial a
- Occipital a
-lingual a
-ascending pharyngeal a
-superior thyroid a

Question 18

Facial artery

Answer 18

Usually branches just superior to lingual a. But the two may have a common stem (Faciolinual a)

• usually originates deep to digastric m
• loops toward the inferior border jaw to supply face

Question 19

Occipital artery

Answer 19

branches posteriorly at the same level as facial artery

-runs to occiput

Question 20

lingual artery

Answer 20

just superior to the tip of hor of the hyoid.

• roughly parallel CN XII
• supplies tongue and floor of mouth

Question 21

Ascending pharyngeal artery

Answer 21

(NOt shown) usually the 1st branch of the external carotid

• branches of media surface near the bifurcation
• supplies the back wall of the pharynx

Question 22

Superior Thyroid artery:

Answer 22

found at the inferior and posterior to the tip of the greater horn of hyoid.
-supplies the superior pole of the thyroid

Question 23

Superior laryngeal a

Answer 23

branch off superior thyroid artery that pierces through the thyrohyoid membrane in accompany with the internal laryngeal artery.

Question 24

Internal jugular vein

Answer 24

Drains the braincase and the face. Exits skull at the jugular foramen. 
Receives
-occipital vein
-common facial v
-lingual vein
-superior thyroid vein
-inferior thyroid vein 

And empties into brachiocephalic vein.
Joins right subclavian vein to form the right brachiocephalic vein that drains in SVC.

Question 25

Submental Triangle Boundaries

Answer 25

• Body of hyoid bone
• right and left anterior bellies of the digastric muscle
• mylohyoid muscle forms the floor of the triangle.

Question 26

Submandibular triangle boundaries

Answer 26

• Inferior border of mandible
• anterior belly of the digastric muscle
• posterior belly of digastric muscle.

Question 27

Submandibular gland

Answer 27

occupies most of the submandibular triangle. one of the 3 major salivary glands. Wraps around the free edge of mylohyoid muscle.
-Facial artery and Vein contact the gland.

Question 28

Digastric muscles

Answer 28

joined by an intermediate tendon and the tendon is bound to the hyoid bone through a fibrous sling.
-both muscles serve to depress mandible and raise the hyoid bone.

Question 29

posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Answer 29

• attaches to the medial surface of mastoid process

- supplied by the CNVII (also supplies stylohyoid)

Question 30

Anterior belly of digastric muscle

Answer 30

• Attaches to digastric fossa of mandible

- supplied by CN V

Question 31

Mylohyoid nerve

Answer 31

branch of the CN V3 is wedged between anterior digastric muscle. The body of mandible on the surface of the mylohyoid muscle and supplies both muscles.

Question 32

NEw flash card?

Answer 32

Yes