Anterior Triangle

Question 1

Boundaries of the anterior triangle

Answer 1

• Median line of the neck
• anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
• inferior border of the mandible

Question 2

Superficial structures within anterior triangle

Answer 2

• Platysma muscle.
• retromandibular v.
• facialv
• external jugular v
• anterior jugular v
• communicating v

Question 3

Platysma muscle

Answer 3

Muscle of facial expression that have migrated onto neck and dragged the facial nerve with them.
Removal of platysma reveals superficial veins that drain the superficial head and neck.

Question 4

Retromandibular v

Answer 4

formed from maxillary and superficial temporal veins. connects external jugular and common facial veins

Question 5

facial vein

Answer 5

drains face into the internal jugular vein.

Question 6

External jugular v

Answer 6

crosses sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 7

anterior jugular v

Answer 7

located near the midline

Question 8

communicating v

Answer 8

between anterior jugular and common facial v

Question 9

muscular triangle boundaries

Answer 9

Superior belly of omohyoid m. anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and median line of the neck.

Question 10

Muscular triangle contains

Answer 10

infrahyoid or strap muscle. part of rectus cervesis.

Question 11

superficial group

-Superior belly of omohyoid m

Answer 11

• Superior belly of omohyoid m: Depresses hyoid bone.

- sternohyoid muscle: depresses hyoid bone

Question 12

Deep group:

Answer 12

Thyrohyoid: depresses hyoid bone
Sternohyoid: Depresses hyoid bone

Question 13

Deeper structures of the muscular triangle:

Answer 13

• Thyroid gland which is deep to strap muscle.
• Parathyroid gland.
• Recurrent laryngeal n

Question 14

Thyroid gland:

Answer 14

Deep to strap muscle:

• Isthmus connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland
• pyramidal lobe: if present it ascends from isthmus sometimes as high as the hyoid bone
• It is an endocrine organ, therefore, its blood supply rich,
• -The superior, middle and inferior thyroid v drain it
• -superior, middle and inferior thyroid arteries supply it,
• thyroid ima occasionally supplies the thyroid gland inferiorly from brachiocephalic artery.

Question 15

Parathyroid gland:

Answer 15

Critical for Calcium and phosphorous metabolism. 2-6 are located on the posterior-medial surface of thyroid lobes. (hard to see in cadaver but easy in live person)

Question 16

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (Branch of CN)

Answer 16

Runs in the groove next to esophagus just deep to thyroid gland. normally recurs around right subclavian or aorta.