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Greek History > The Persian Conflict > Flashcards

The Persian Conflict Flashcards

0
Q

Peltasts

A

Lightly armed Greek infantrymen
Originally Thracian
Fought in Archidamian war
Name comes from their shield

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1
Q

Hoplites

A

Heavily armored Greek infantrymen

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2
Q

Ephebes

A

Athenian citizen, between 18 and 20, required to undergo military training.

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3
Q

Persian provincial governor

A

Satrap

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4
Q

Polycrates of Samos

A

Killed by Persian governor
Attracted distinguished physicians and poets to his court
Usurped power at Samos with the help of his two brothers

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5
Q

585

A

Media tries to conquer Persia

Thales predict eclipse of the sun which led to peace

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6
Q

560

A

Croesus calls the name of Solon three times after being condemned to die by Cyrus

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8
Q

Who founded the Persian Empire?

A

Cyrus

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9
Q

540

A

Polycrates seizes Samos with the aid of his two brothers

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9
Q

Achaemenid Dynasty

A

Darius & Xerxes were members of this Persian dynasty

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10
Q

Official religion under Darius

A

Zoroastrianism

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12
Q

Histiaeus, tyrant of Miletus

A

Held captive as a councilor in Darius’ court

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13
Q

Ionian revolt

A

499
Led by Aristagorus against Persia
Athens sends 20 ships

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13
Q

494

A

Battle of Lade

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14
Q

497

A

Ionians and Athenians burn Sardis

“Master Remember the Athenians”

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16
Q

493

A

Themistocles elected archon

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17
Q

Mt Laurium

A

Silver mines
Used for building Athenian fleet
Silver was supposed to be distributed equally between every citizen

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17
Q

490

A

Battle of Marathon

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18
Q

491

A

Darius sends envoys to Sparta asking for earth and water

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20
Q

Athenian leaders during the Battle of Marathon

A

Callimachus & Militiades

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21
Q

Who is accredited the victory at Marathon?

A

Callimachus

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22
Q

Who is responsible for the victory at Marathon?

A

Militiades

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23
Q

Athenian forces vs Persian forces at Marathon(count of soldiers)

A

10,000 vs 20,000

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24
Q

Persian leaders at Marathon

A

Datis and Artaphernes

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25
Q

Victory at Marathon avoided the restoration of what tyrant in Athens?

A

Hippias

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26
Q

Random people who fought at Marathon

A

Cynegeirus & Aeschylus

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27
Q

Death count(Greek:Persian)

A

192:6403

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28
Q

Pheidippides

A

Ran 26 miles from Marathon to either:

  • Athens, announce victory
  • Sparta, request aid
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29
Q

Why didn’t Sparta fight during the Battle of Marathon?

A

Sparta was delayed by the position of the moon

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29
Q

Who did Darius marry?

A

Atossa, daughter of Cyrus

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30
Q

Which Spartan King threw Darius’ envoys in a well?

A

Cleomenes

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32
Q

Mardonius is Darius’-

A

Son-in-law

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32
Q

499-497

A

Persian Wars

33
Q

Mardonius appeased the Ionians by-

A

Permitting democracies

34
Q

489

A

Aristides is elected archon

35
Q

Who recorded the history of the Persian Wars?

36
Q

487

A

Militiades secures his downfall

37
Q

485

A

Darius dies

38
Q

Militiades ruled Cheronese, a region inherited from his-

A

Maternal uncle

39
Q

484

A

Xanthippus is ostracized

40
Q

Persian strategy

A

Cooperation and close contact between army and navy

41
Q

482

A

Aristides is ostracized

43
Q

Who is nicknamed “The Just”?

44
Q

Synedrion of Probuloi

A

Congress of Greek states at Corinth

Sparta is elected leader of army and navy

44
Q

481

A

Synedrion of Probuloi

45
Q

Leader of army and navy respectively

A

Leonidas and Eurybiades

47
Q

Which Persian king ordered that the Hellespont be given 300 lashes?

48
Q

Which city-state provided a base of operations for the Persians?

49
Q

What exiled Sparta King acted as an adviser to Xerxes?

49
Q

480

A 
Battle of Artemissium
Battle of Thermopylae
Battle of Salamis
Battle of Himera
(aka ATSH)
50
Q

What is the “wooden wall” that the Delphic Oracle predicted could save Athens? What did Themistocles take the meaning as?

A

A navy; an actual dumb af wooden wall

52
Q

Which battles during the Persian war happened simultaneously?

A

Artemissium & Thermopylae

Salamis & Himera

53
Q

What is the exact date for the Battles of Salamis & Himera?

A

September 20 or 23, 480

54
Q

Battle of Artemissium

A

Naval Battle
Giant storm destroyed 200 Persian ships
Neither side won(Greeks consider it their victory though)

55
Q

Who led the Greeks during the Battle of Thermopylae?

56
Q

Medism

A

Cooperation of any Greek with the Persian Empire

57
Q

What traitor led the Persians during the Battle of Thermopylae?

58
Q

How many Greeks fought at the Battle of Thermopylae? How many were Spartan? How many Spartans survived?

A

7,000; 300; 2

59
Q

Why couldn’t Sparta send reinforcements during the Battle of Thermopylae?

A

The Camean Festival

59
Q

Thermopylae means-

A

“Hot Gates”

60
Q

“So much better, we will fight in the shade.”

62
Q

What Spartan King died at Thermopylae?

63
Q

Who led the Persian forces at Thermopylae?

64
Q

After the Battle of Thermopylae, who became leader of the Greek Army?

A

Cleobrotus

64
Q

Battle of Thermopylae

A

Land Battle

Persians won

65
Q

What Greek instigated the Battle of Salamis?

A

Themistocles

67
Q

What queen assisted the Persians during that Battle of Salamis?

A

Artemisia, queen of Caria

68
Q

Where was Xerxes during the Battle of Salamis?

A

Watching the battle from a golden throne on a nearby hill

69
Q

What Greek city-state did not send any ships to Salamis?

70
Q

Battle of Salamis

A

Naval Battle
Large Persian ships could not navigate in the small pass
Greek victory
Mardonius continued the war for Persia after Xerxes failure

71
Q

Who wrote the earliest literary account of the Battle of Salamis?

71
Q

479

A

Battle of Plataea
Battle of Mycale
Siege of Sestos
(aka PMS)

72
Q

Battle of Himera

A

Land Battle
Greek victory
Syracuse mints “damaretion” to commemorate victory

74
Q

Battle of Plataea

A

Fought at the foot of Mt Cithaeron
Led by Pausanius
Persians never make a serious attempt against Greece again

74
Q

Siege of Sestos

A

Led by Xanthippus

75
Q

Battle of Mycale

A

Ionian cities were freed from Persian rule

Led by Leotychidas

76
Q

Pentekontoetia

A

480-430
“Period of Fifty Years”
Period of Peace

78
Q

What was the first true instance of Panhellic Policy?

A

Synedrion of Probuloi

79
Q

When were Aristides and Xanthippus recalled?

79
Q

523

A

Persia captures Samos

Polycrates is crucified

80
Q

538

A

Cyrus dies

Cambyses ascends throne

81
Q

522

A

Cambyses dies

Darius becomes King

Greek History (10 decks)

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