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Greek History > Age of Tyrants > Flashcards

Age of Tyrants Flashcards

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0
Q

Asking for metals:

Sparta : _____ :: Athens : _____

A

Iron; Silver

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1
Q

Tyrant

A

Ruler that relies on physical force

“usurper with supreme power”

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2
Q

Spartan serfs

A

Helots

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3
Q

5 Spartan villages

A

Pitane, Messoa, Limnae, Konoura, and Dyme

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4
Q

Periocei

A

People who lived around Sparta

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5
Q

Terpander

A

Father of Lyric Poetry

Banished from Lesbos

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6
Q

Alcman

A

Chief Poet of Sparta

From Lydia

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7
Q

Tyrtaeus

A

Martial song inspired Spartan countrymen to win the 2nd Messenian War

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8
Q

1st Messenian War

A

725-705
King Theopompus captures Messenia
First and most decisive step for growth of Sparta

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9
Q

2nd Messenian War

A

640-631
Aristomenes leads a helot revolt
Tyrtaeus martial songs cause Spartans to win

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10
Q

What ended Sparta’s Golden Age?

A

2nd Messenian War

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11
Q

Why was Sparta so militarily prepared?

A

Sparta depended on the agricultural work of the helots

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12
Q

What Greek city-state did not have a strong, fortified acropolis?

A

Sparta

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13
Q

Lycurgus

A

c. 885
Lawgiver that established a military society in Sparta
Forbade citizens to engage in trade or industry
Forbade importation of silver and gold
Only tool a citizen could own was an axe

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14
Q

Duarchy

A

Two kings

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15
Q

What were the royal houses of Sparta called?

A

Agids and Eurypontids

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16
Q

Gerousia

A 
30 members(including the Kings)
60 age minimum
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17
Q

Apella

A

All male citizens over 30
Reviewed the laws of the Gerousia
Elected members of Gerousia, ephors, and other magistrates

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18
Q

Ephors

A

5 members
7th century-gained power
6th-equal to kings
After Persian War-power almost supreme

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19
Q

Krypteia

A

Secret police

Spied on helots

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20
Q

Harmost

A

Military governor appointed to control allied cities oversea

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21
Q

Mt Taygetus

A

Defective Spartan children get thrown off

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22
Q

Return with your shield or on it

A

Win or die

Spartan women to sons

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23
Q

Athens’ name

A

Poseidon gave Athens a horse, Athena gave Athens an olive tree
They liked the olive tree better, so they were named after Athena

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24
Q

Mt Laurium

A

Silver found here used for navy

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25
Q

Last king of Athens

A

King Codrus

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26
Q

Archon’s rule(how many years)

A

Elected for life, then limited to 10 years, then reduced to 1 year

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27
Q

First Archon

A

Acastas of the Medontid family

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28
Q

Archon Epanymos

A

Head of religion

Gave name to the year

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29
Q

Archon Basileus

A

Head of state religion

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30
Q

Archon Polemarchos

A

Commander of the army

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31
Q

Archon Thesmothetal

A

6 are elected

Lawmakers

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32
Q

Who met on the Hills of Mars?

A

Boule(council made up of archons who have completed office)

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33
Q

Ecclesia

A

Assembly

34
Q

462

A

Something happens to Areopagus; it loses power because of this

35
Q

632

A

Ceylon plot

36
Q

Who assisted Cylon in his attempt to establish himself as the tyrant of Athens?

A

Theagenes, tyrant of Megara

37
Q

Who was the archon at the time during Cylon’s plot?

A

Megacles of the Alcaemonid family

38
Q

Why were the Alcaemonids banished from Athens?

A

Megacles promised Cylon’s followers safety if they left Athena’s temple, but he had them killed anyway

39
Q

Thesmothetes

A

Special lawmaker

40
Q

c. 620

A

Draco

41
Q

What were the Draconian laws?

A

Penalty for all crimes is death

42
Q

Where was the temple of Poseidon?

A

Cape Sunium

43
Q

Where was Apollo’s oracle located?

A

Delphi

44
Q

Amphictionic League

A

Protected the Delphic Oracle

45
Q

What does “Amphictionic” mean?

A

Dweller’s Around

46
Q

590

A

1st Sacred War

47
Q

Where was Zeus’ oracle located?

A

Dodona

48
Q

What city is known as “the land of the whispering oaks”?

A

Dodona

49
Q

Sacred Band

A

Theban military unit composed of 150 pairs of “Best Friends”

50
Q

Who is the mythical king of Thebes?

A

Laius

51
Q

Hesiod

A

Boeotian poet
Wrote Theogony(about universe and origin of the gods)
Wrote Works and Days(describes the daily tasks of a farmer)

52
Q

Pindar

A

Theban poet loved by all of Greece

When Alexander destroyed Thebes, he left Pindar’s house alone

53
Q

What works were the earliest records of Greek religion?

A

Iliad, Odyssey, poems of Hesoid

54
Q

First tyrant

A

Pheidon(or Gyges)

55
Q

Most arrogant act

A

Pheidon took the Olympic Games from Elis and gave it to Pisa

56
Q

630

A

Theagenes led a peasant revolt and became tyrant of Megara

57
Q

Orthagorus

A

Led peasant revolt at Sicyon and became tyrant

58
Q

664

A

First recorded naval battle

Corcyra vs Corinth

59
Q

What is Corinth well known for?

A

Its decadence, pottery, and prostitutes

60
Q

Dioclos

A

Wooden tramway

Located at Corinth

61
Q

655

A

Cypselus

62
Q

What tyrant was hidden in a jar as a baby?

A

Cypselus

63
Q

Who is Cypselus’ mother?

A

Labda

64
Q

What clan sent soldiers to kill Cypselus when he was a child?

A

Bacchiads

65
Q

Who is the son of Cypselus that became tyrant of Corinth after the death of Cypselus?

A

Periander

66
Q

God of Medicine

A

Asclepius

67
Q

Governing family of Mytilene that knocked people with clubs

A

Penthilids

68
Q

Tyrant of Mytilene that was made Aesymnetes

A

Pittacus

69
Q

Aesymnetes means-

A

Special ten year ruler

70
Q

What two famous Lesbian poets did Pittacus exile?

A

Sappho & Alcaeus

71
Q

Sappho

A

Wrote love poems
Started Aeolic school of poetry with Alcaeus
Called “The Poetess”

72
Q

Alcaeus

A

Wrote political and drinking songs

Started Aeolic school of poetry with Sappho

73
Q

Tyrant of Miletus

A

Thrasybulus

74
Q

Thales

A

c. 590
Believed everything was composed of water
Predicted the eclipse of the sun

75
Q

What was Lydia known for?

A

Extreme wealth

76
Q

687-652

A

Gyges

77
Q

Ekecheiria

A

Truce during the games

78
Q

Olympic Games

A

776
In honor of Zeus
Founded by Pelopsor Heracles
Revived by Lycurgus and Iphitus

79
Q

Pythian Games

A

582
In honor of Apollo
Held every 2 years in Delphi
Founded by Periander

80
Q

Isthmean Games

A

582
In honor of Poseidon
Held at Corinth, Theseus founded the games
Held every two years, winner received Palm branch and a crown of celery

81
Q

Nemean Games

A

576
In honor of Zeus
Held every two years in Nemea

82
Q

Psammitichus

A

Egyptian King that opened Egypt to settlers

83
Q

700

A

Deioces founded Media

Greek History (10 decks)

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