The Periodic Table Of Elements Flashcards
What are ionic bonds made up of?
Metal + non-metal
What are covalent bonds made up of?
Non-metal + non- metal
What are metallic bonds made up of?
Metal + Metal
What kind of bond do Nobel gasses form?
None, they don’t form any bonds
Physical properties of metals? (7)
High melting point
Good heat conductors
Good electrical conductors
High density
Malleable
Ductile
Lustrous (shiny)
Physical properties of non-metals? (7)
Low melting point
Poor heat conductors
Poor electoral conductors
Low density
Brittle
Brittle
Dull
What do the metalloids generally share physical properties with?
Metals
Chemical properties of metals? (6)
Tend to loose electrons
Low ionization energy
Low electronegativity
Often good reducing agents
Form basic oxides in presence of oxygen
React with water
Chemical properties of non-metals? (6)
Tend to gain electrons
High ionization energy
High electronegativity
Often good oxidising agents
Form acidic oxides in presence of oxygen
Do not react water
What w metaloids share chemical properties with?
Non-metals
What is one physical property alkali metals & alkaline earth metals don’t share with metals in general?
Density, they have low density
Which is the least electronegative group? & what direction does it increase?
1, alkali metals, increases going up the group
Are alkali metals very or not very reactive?
Very reactive
What do alkali metals & alkaline earth metals form when reacting with water?
Metal hydroxide & hydrogen gas
What do alkali metals & alkaline earth metals form when reacting with oxygen?
Basic metal oxides
What is the main difference between alkaline earth metals & alkaline metals?
alkaline earth metals form a 2+ cations where alkine metals form a 1+
Is zinc a transition metal?
Not really, don’t treat it as one
Properties of transition metals
Chemical/physical properties of metals
Form colored compounds
Only some react w/ water
Only some react w/ oxygen
Have an incomplete d subshell
Often act as catalysts
Have multiple possible ionic change
Rule about naming compounds with transition metals
Always include number of the charge in roman numerals
What does halogens have the chemical & physical properties of?
Non-metals
What is the electronegativity of halogens at which direction does it increase?
High, going up
What is the reactivity of halogens at which direction does it increase?
High, going up
What is the charge of halogens?
Anions with -1
What group of elements engages in displacement reactions
Halogens
Are halogens colored?
Yes
Properties of Nobel gasses
Non-reactive
Full octet
Very low electronegativity
Monatomic gasses at room temp
Do Nobel gasses share the properties of non-metals?
No
What determines atomic radius?
Number of shells, the more shells the larger
Number of protons, the more the protons the smaller the radius
What is the trend for atomic radius?
Increases going down & to the left, except for hydrogen which is the smallest
What determines electronegativity?
Valence electrons, the closer to I the more electronegativity
Atomic radius, the smaller the radius the closes the proton to the electron
What is the trend for electronegativity?
Increases going up & to the right, exclude Nobel gasses
What is ionization energy?
The energy required to remove an electron
What determines the ionization energy?
Valence electrons, the closer to 8 the higher the ionization energy
Atomic radius, the smaller the radius the closer to the electron the higher the ionization energy
What is the trend of ionization energy?
Increases going up & to the right
What does melting & boiling point depend on?
The type of bonding
What is the trend for melting point in group 1 (not including hydrogen)?
Increases going up
What is the trend for melting point in group 17?
Increases going down
What is the effective nuclear charge?
The positive attraction of the protons on the valence electrons
How do you calculate the effective nuclear charge?
Effective nuclear charge = number of protons- number of non- valence electrons
What is the trend for effective nuclear charge
Increase going right
What is ionic radius?
Radius of the ion of an element
What determines ionic radius?
Number of shells: the more shells, the larger the radius
Number of protons: the more protons the smaller the radius
What is the trend for ionic radius ( hint: same as atomic radius)
Increase going left & down
General rule about ion size
Cations are smaller than their elements
Anions are larger than their element
Which element has the highest electron affinity?
Cl
Are noble gases diatomic?
No, they are monoatomic
Are noble gases diatomic?
No, they are monoatomic
What is the physical property of viscous?
Measure of how fast or slow a liquid flows (stickyness)
What is the physical property of volatility?
How readily a substance vaporizes ( dependant on intermolecular forces)
Which metals react with water to form hydrogen gas & an alkali solution?
The alkali metals
