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Chemistry > Fundementals Of Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Fundementals Of Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Defines an organic compound?

A

It is made from carbon & hydrogen

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2
Q

Formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

How does names of alkanes end?

A
  • ane
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4
Q

First 10 alkanes

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane
Hexane
Heptane
Octane
Nonane
Decane

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5
Q

Difference between alkanes and alkenes?

A

In Alkenes one or more Carbon has a double bond

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6
Q

General formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

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7
Q

First alkene

A

Ethene C2H4

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8
Q

Difference between alkynes and alkenes?

A

In alkynes there is a triple bond

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9
Q

General formula for alkyne

A

CnH2n-2

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10
Q

Simplest alkyne

A

Ethyne, C2H2

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11
Q

How does the ending in alkenes & alkynes vary with number of double or triple bonds

A

Number of bonds is put in front, ex: - triyne or - diene

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12
Q

What are alkyl groups

A

Attachment of a Carbon-hydrogen group to the main chain

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13
Q

How do you indicate in the name that a compound is cyclic?

A

Add cyclo in front

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14
Q

How does the functional group of ethers look?

A

R-O-R

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15
Q

How do you name an ether?

A

Alkyl-oxy- alkane

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16
Q

Ending of amines when naming them

A

-Anamine

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17
Q

What is the functional group of amines?

A

-NH2

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18
Q

What is the functional group of amides?

A

Carboxyamide, - CONH2

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19
Q

What is the ending of amides

A
  • Anamide
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20
Q

What is the functional group of arenes?

A

Phenyl:-C6H5

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21
Q

How do you name an arene?

A

Alkyl + benzene

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22
Q

What is the functional group of aldehydes?

A

Carbonyl: -CHO

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23
Q

What is the name ending of aldehydes?

A
  • Anal
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24
Q

What is the functional group of ketones?

A

Carbonyl: R-CO-R

25
Q

Name ending of a ketone

A

-Anone

26
Q

How does a ketone & an aldehyde differ?

A

On a ketone the carbonyl group is in the middle & on a aldehyde it is at one of the ends

27
Q

Name ending for carboxylic acids

A

-Anoic acid

28
Q

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

A

Carboxyl: -COOH

29
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols?

A

Hydroxyl: OH

30
Q

Name ending for alcohols

A

-Anol

31
Q

What is a primary alcohol?

A

Alcohol where the carbon that the OH group is attached to is only attacked to one Carbon

32
Q

What does primary alcohols turn into when oxidised? & what can that be oxidised to?

A

Aldehyde → carboxylic acid

33
Q

What are secondary alcohols?

A

Alcohols where the Carbon attached to the OH group is attached to 2 Carbons

34
Q

What does secondary alcohols turn into when oxidised?

A

Ketones

35
Q

What does tertiary alcohols turn into when oxidised?

A

Nothing, can’t be oxidized

36
Q

What are tertiary alcohols?

A

Alcohols where the Carbon attached to the OH group is attached to 3 Carbons

37
Q

How do you name an ester?

A

Alkyl + anotate

38
Q

What is the functional group of esters?

A

Ester: R-COO-R

39
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

2 or more molecules that have the same formula but different structure

40
Q

What is important to remember regarding isomers with double bonds?

A

Rotation around a double bond is restricted

41
Q

What is functional group isomer?

A

Same molecule formula but different functional groups

42
Q

What can alcohol have a structural isomer with where the functional group has changed?

A

Ether

43
Q

What can aldehydes have a structural isomer with where the functional group has changed?

A

Ketones

44
Q

What can canboxylic acid have a structural isomer with where the functional group has changed?

A

Ester

45
Q

What is stereoisonerism?

A

Same structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms

46
Q

Where is cis-trans isomerism found?

A

Alkenes and cyclic compounds

47
Q

In cis isomers, where are the groups found?

A

On the same side

48
Q

In trans isomers, where are the groups found?

A

Opposite sides

49
Q

What is needed for cis-trans isomerism to occur?

A

2 different atoms or groups of atoms bonded to each carbon atom in the double bond

50
Q

Does double bond allow for rotation?

A

No

51
Q

Where are the groups located in cis isomers?

A

Same side

52
Q

Where are the groups located in trans isomers?

A

Opposite side

53
Q

Different name for cis-trans isomers

A

Geometric isomers

54
Q

Is there a alcohol in carboxylic acid?

A

No!

55
Q

What is a thiol functional group?

A

-SH

56
Q

What are reducing sugars?

A

Sugars which act as reducing agent
They contain an aldehyde or a ketonic

57
Q

Examples of reducing sugars

A

All monosaccharides & disaccharides ( except sucrose)
Glucose, fructose, lactose etc.

58
Q

Is lactose a reducing sugar?

A

Yes

Chemistry (10 decks)

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