Atomic structure Flashcards
What is the atomic mass unit
Daltons
What is an isotope?
Same element with a different quantity of neutrons
How do you calculate the relative atomic mass?
Weighted average
Ram = percentage/100 x weight + percentage/100 x weigh….
How many electrons fit in the different shells?
First shell: 2 electrons
Other shells: 8 electrons
What are ions?
Atoms with charge
What is negative ion called?
Anion
What is positive ion called?
Cation
What are electron configurations
Tells us where electrons are found
What are shells noted by & how many electrons are found in shell 1- 4?
n
n1: 2 electrons
n2: 8 electrons
n3: 18 electrons
n4: 32 electrons
What do shells contain?
Subshells
What are the 4 types of subshells?
S,p,d,f
What do subshells contain?
Orbitals
How many orbitals do each of the subshells contain?
s: 1 orbital
p: 3 orbitals
d: 5 orbitals
f: 7 orbitals
What do orbitals contain?
2 electrons of opposite spin
Which is filled first, 3d or 4s?
4s
What is hunds rule? & when is it used for?
Orbitals are filled singly before being doubly occupied, orbital diagrams
Definition of atom
Smallest unit of matter able to undergo chemical reactions
What are atoms made up of?
Electrons, protons & neutrons
What 3 quantum numbers are every orbital described by?
n, l, ml
What 4 quantum numbers are electrons described by?
n, l, ml, ms
Which is the principle quantum number?
n
What can n be? (Quantum numbers)
Integer value (1, 2, 3..)
Not 0, decimal, negative
What does the principal quantum number n represent?
The energy level (the electron shell)
What does a larger n mean?
Further from the nucleus
Which is the azimuthal / angular momentum quantum number?
l
What can the azimuthal / angular momentum quantum number be?
Integer from 0 to n -1 (0,1,2… n-1)
If the quantum number is 3 was are the possible values for azimuthal / angular momentum quantum number?
0, 1 or 2
What does the azimuthal / angular momentum quantum number describe & tell us?
The shape of the orbital, the subshell
Which subshell is l=0?
S subshell
Which subshell is l= 1?
P subshell
Which subshell is l= 2?
D subshell
Which subshell is l= 3?
F subshell
Which is the magnetic quantum number?
ml
What numbers can the magnetic quantum number be?
Integer value from -l to l
What does the number of possible magnetic quantum numbers tell us?
Number of orbitals
Which is the spin quantum number?
ms
What are the 2 possible spin quantum numbers?
1/2 or - 1/2
Can the electrons in an orbital have the same spin?
No
What does the Pauli exclusion principe state?
No 2 electors in an atom can have identical values for all 4 of their quantum numbers
What shape does sulphur dioxide have?
Bent
What is necessary for a compound to be aromatic?
It has to contain delocalized pi electrons
Must be cyclic
Has planar structure
All actors in the ring must have a p-orbital that participates in a delocalized pi election system
What does proust’s law state about chemical compounds?
That the ratio between the masses of the elements that compose it is constant & defined
What does the Pauli exclusion principal State about 2 different electrons in an atom?
The can not have identical values for all 4 quantum numbers
