The Periodic Table Flashcards
Who was the greatest contributor to the development of the periodic table?
The Russian scientist Mendeleev
How did Mendeleev arrange the elements?
What was written on each card?
Columns in order of atomic weight.
The symbol of the element and its atomic weight.
What was Mendeleev’s stroke of genius when he arranged the elements?
He left spaces for undiscovered elements. These were later filled as more elements were discovered.
What is the name for group 0?
The noble gases.
Why are the elements of group 0 so unreactive?
They have full outer shells.
What are some uses for Noble gases?
Neon lights
Deep sea diving (helium mixed with oxygen)
Air ships
Where are the transition metals located?
Middle of the periodic table
What are the properties of the transition metals?
Hard
Shiny
Malleable
What are some uses for transition metals?
Catalytic converters
Alloys used in coins
Clay glaze mixtures
What is the name given to horizontal rows in the periodic table?
Periods.
Where are the most reactive metals found?
Group 1.
Alkali metals.
How do alkali metals react with water?
Metal floats, fizzes and releases heat. Eventually disappears in a smoke/crackle explosion.
Reactions become more violent as you go down the group.
What is the name given to metals in group 2?
Alkaline earth metals
What is the name given to group 7 elements?
Halogens.
What are the formulae for all group 7 elements?
They’re all diatomic.
E.g. F2, Cl2 etc.
How do group 7 elements change down the group?
Become bigger atoms
Become less soluble, though none are particularly soluble
Increasing melting/boiling points.
Become less reactive (atoms have more shells of electrons further down the group, so the outermost shell gets further away from the positive attraction of the nucleus, meaning the attraction between the nucleus and an electron from a different atom becomes weaker and so are less reactive).
What does fluorine look like?
Pale yellow gas
What does chlorine look like?
Pale green gas
What does bromine look like?
Red-brown liquid
What does iodine look like
Grey-black solid that gives a purple vapour
Yellow - Brown when mixed with water.
What does astatine look like
Black radioactive solid.
What is sublimation?
Give an example of a group 7 element that sublimes.
The process of an element changing from a solid to gaseous state without going through a liquid state.
Iodine.
How do group 7 elements react with eachother?
Halogens are able to displace other less reactive halogens (ones below them) in a compound.
E.g.
Chlorine + potassium bromide -> potassium chloride + bromine
(Reactions like this would cause the solution to turn the colour of the displaced element, in this instance brown)
How do the positively charged elements (groups 1-3) differ in terms of reactivity down the group than the negatively charged elements (groups 5-7)
Groups 1-3 become more reactive down the group as they have a small number of electrons in their outer shells that are more easily lost as go down the group as the distance between the nucleus and outer shell becomes greater and the electrons are less attracted to it.
Groups 5-7 become less reactive down the group as they have a large number of electrons in their outer shell that cannot be lost. The distance between the outer shells and nucleus becomes greater as you go down the group so the attraction between the nucleus and electrons from other atoms becomes weaker and they are less likely to react.