Chemical Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What are some separation techniques?

A

Filtration
Evaporation
Crystallisation
Simple distillation
Fractional distillation
Chromatography

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2
Q

What apparatus does a filtration use?

A

Check notes for diagram.

Filter paper
Filter funnel
Clamp
Beaker
Tile

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3
Q

What does a filtration separate?

A

Insoluble substance from liquid.

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4
Q

What apparatus does evaporation use?

A

Check notes for diagram

Evaporating basin
Gauze
Bunsen burner
Tripod
Heatproof mat

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5
Q

What is evaporation used to separate?

A

Separates a solute from a solvent e.g. salt from salt water.

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6
Q

What apparatus does simple distillation use?

A

Check notes for diagram

Borrorned flask
Lietig condenser
Tripod stand
Wire gauze
Bunsen burner
Beaker

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7
Q

What is simple distillation used to separate?

A

Solvent from a solution

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8
Q

What is the substance collected from a distillation called?

A

distillate

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9
Q

What apparatus does fractional distillation use? (lab method)

A

Bunsen burner
Flask
Fractioning column
Thermometer
Condenser
Beaker

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10
Q

What is fractional distillation used to separate?

A

2 or more miscible liquids.

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11
Q

What apparatus does chromatography use?

A

Filter paper
Pencil
Beaker
Solvent

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12
Q

What is chromatography used to separate?

A

2 or more substances in a solution

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13
Q

What is the mobile phase in chromatography?

A

Phase that moves.

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14
Q

How do you calculate Rf?

A

Distance moved by sample
—————————————
Distance moved by solvent

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15
Q

What is potable water?

A

Water safe to drink

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16
Q

What is desalination?

A

The process of removing dissolved substances from sea water.

17
Q

What is the test for water?

A

Add to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate crystals

Changes white to blue

18
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A solid which may be formed in mixing two solutions.

19
Q

What is the test for chlorine?

A

Turns universal indicator paper red then white

20
Q

How do you test for cations?

A

Add approximately 5 cm3 of the solution to be tested to a test-tube.
Add sodium hydroxide solution slowly drop wise.
Note your observations in the table.
Continue adding sodium hydroxide drop wise to any precipitates until a large excess is present (about 2/3 full).
Stopper and shake the test tube thoroughly.
Note your observations

21
Q

How do the melting and boiling points of pure substances and mixtures differ?

A

Pure substances give a sharp boiling and melting point.

Impure substances give boiling and melting points over a range, as the different substances they contain have different points.

The greater the amount of an impurity the greater the difference from the true melting/boiling point and the higher the range.

22
Q

How does the presence of an impurity affect the melting/ boiling point of a solid vs Liquid?

A

Lowers point of solid.
Raises point of liquid.