Structures Flashcards
Describe the structure of a giant ionic lattice
Each atom is surrounded by the other kind of atom
Eg, in NaCl, each sodium atom is surrounded by 4 chlorine atoms and vice versa
Metal + non metal
List the properties of a giant ionic lattice
Crystalline
High melting points
(It takes a lot of energy to break the bonds)
Conducts electricity when liquid
(Ions are able to move and carry the current/charge)
Does not conduct electricity when solid
(Ions are fixed in position)
Soluble in water
Describe the structure of simple covalent (covalent molecular) structures
Strong covalent bonds between atoms in a molecule, Eg.
O=C=O (carbon dioxide)
Weak intermolecular forces between molecules called van der Waals.
Eg. Water, carbon dioxide, iodine
Non metal + non metal
List the properties of simple covalent (covalent molecular) structures
Low melting and boiling points
Do not conduct electricity
Not very soluble in water
Soft when solid.
List 3 kinds of giant covalent structures
Diamond
Graphite
Graphene
(All allotropes of carbon)
NON METAL + NON METAL
Describe the structure of diamond
Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other carbon atoms
List the properties of diamond
What can it be used for?
Very high melting and boiling points
Diamond does not conduct electricity
Insoluble in water
Diamond extremely hard
Used in drill bits
Describe the structure of graphite
Each atom is covalently bonded to 3 others
Arranged in hexagonal patterns in layers
List the properties of graphite.
What can it be used for?
Conducts electricity, as they have delocalised electrons
Slippery soft solid as layers can slide over each other.
Used as a lubricant or in pencils.
Describe the structure of graphene
Single atom thick
Strong covalent bonds between atoms
Arranged in hexagons/two dimensional
Each atom connected to 3 others
List the properties of graphene
What can it be it used for?
Conducts heat and electricity efficiently
Nearly transparent
100 times stronger than steel
Very thin, light and inexpensive
Used in solar cells, LEDs, touch panels, and smart windows or phones.
Describe the structure of giant metallic structures
Strong metallic bonds
Positive ions arranged in rows
Free electrons (from outer shells)
Metal + metal
WHEN ASKED TO DESCRIBE THE BONDING AMD STRUCTURE OF A METAL, WRITE THIS DEFINITION NEXT TO THE DIAGRAM.
The bonding in metals is metallic and it gives a giant metallic lattice.
The metallic bond is the attraction between.
List the properties of giant metallic structures
High melting points
Conducts electricity
Conducts heat
Malleable
Ductile
State the definition of an allotrope
Different forms of the same element in the same physical state
(Eg. Diamond, graphite and graphene are all allotropes of carbon)
State the definition of ductile
Can be drawn out into wires
