The Perfect Aspect

Question 1

You have spent a lot of money this month.

Answer 1

Has gastado mucho dinero este mes.

Question 2

I have read that book.

Answer 2

He leído ese libro.

Question 3

I had seen him before.

Answer 3

Lo había visto antes.

Question 4

We had already eaten.

Answer 4

Ya habíamos comido.

Question 5

They had talked a lot when the party ended.

Answer 5

Ellas habían hablado mucho cuando la fiesta terminó.

Question 6

I will have finished with my project.

Answer 6

Habré acabado con mi proyecto.

Question 7

They will have gotten permission

Answer 7

Habrán obtenido permiso.

Question 8

When is the future perfect used? (2)

Answer 8

– Future events: about actions that will have to be completed before another action in the future.

– Likelihood & conjecture: to talk about what someone guesses or thinks might be true

Question 9

You will have already ordered when I arrive.

Answer 9

Ya habrás pedido cuando yo llegue.

Question 10

You (Ud.) will have studied three years of Spanish by this May.

Answer 10

Usted habrá estudiado español por tres años para este mayo.

Question 11

I will have finished my work by December.

Answer 11

Habré terminado mi trabajo para diciembre.

Question 12

Where is Paco? - He might have gone to another cafe.

Answer 12

¿Dónde está Paco? - Él habrá ido a otro café.

Question 13

They may have been hungry by nighttime.

Answer 13

Ellos habrán tenido hambre para la noche.

Question 14

She must have left Atlanta.

Answer 14

Habrá salido de Atlanta

Question 15

When is the present perfect subjunctive used?

Answer 15

When the subj clause of the subjunctive sentence is in the past

e.g.
“I doubt you’ll do it”
Dudo que lo hagas
(present subjunctive)

“I doubt that you did it,”
Dudo que lo hayas hecho
(present perfect subjunctive)

Question 16

How is the present perfect subjunctive formed?

Answer 16

Present subjunctive of haber + past participle

Question 17

It’s good that he studied.

Answer 17

Es bueno que haya estudiado.

Question 18

I’m angry that they left their dog in the hot car.

Answer 18

Me enoja que hayan dejado a su perro en el carro caliente.

Question 19

My professor doubts that I have read the book.

Answer 19

Mi profesor duda que yo haya leído el libro.

Question 20

It is good that we talked.

Answer 20

Es bueno que hayamos hablado.

Question 21

It’s good that he is studying.

Answer 21

Es bueno que estudie.

Question 22

I’m glad you enjoyed it

Answer 22

Me alegro que lo hayas disfrutado

Question 23

What is the past perfect subjunctive used for? (3)

e.g. Ojalá que hubiera sabido.

Answer 23

– past conditionals (si clauses)
– express subjectivity in past after WEIRDO verbs
– To express a wish, after ojalá, that something had happened differently

Question 24

How is the past perfect subjunctive formed?

Answer 24

Imperfect subjunctive of haber + past participle

Question 25

I wanted you to do it.

Answer 25

Quería que tú lo hubieras hecho

Question 26

It was too bad that he couldn’t come.

Answer 26

Fue una lástima que no hubiera podido venir.

Question 27

It was sad to hear that his father had died.

Answer 27

Estaba triste de oír que su padre hubiera muerto.

Question 28

I wish he had come.

Answer 28

Ojalá hubiera venido.

Question 29

I wish we could have seen it (3)

Answer 29

Ojalá hubiéramos podido verlo.
Ojalá pudiéramos haberlo visto.
Ojalá lo pudiéramos haber visto.

Question 30

If I had known, I would have gone with you.

Answer 30

Si lo hubiera sabido, me habría ido contigo.

Question 31

Would you have bought the book if I had told you?

Answer 31

¿Habrías comprado el libro si te lo hubiera dicho?