Present tense - ending spelling changes

Question 1

What happens with -ger and -gir verbs in the present tense?

e.g. Proteger, fingir

Answer 1

1st person: the ‘g’ changes to a ‘j’
Proteger: yo protejo, tú proteges
Fingir: yo finjo, tú finges

Question 2

What happens with -guir verbs in the present tense?

e.g. Distinguir

Answer 2

1st person: the ‘u’ is dropped

Distinguir: yo distingo, tú distingues

Question 3

What happens with -cer and -cir verbs in the present tense?

e.g. Convencer, conocer

Answer 3

1st person:

1) if last letter of stem is consonant, ‘c’ changes to ‘z’
Convencer: yo convenzo, tu convences

2) if last letter of stem is vowel, ‘z’ added before ‘c’
Conocer: yo conozco, tu conoces

Question 4

To protect

I protect, you protect

Answer 4

Proteger

Yo protejo, tú proteges

Question 5

To pretend

I pretend, you pretend

Answer 5

Fingir

Yo finjo, tú finges

Question 6

To choose

I choose, you choose

Answer 6

Escoger

Yo escojo, tú escoges

Question 7

To correct

I correct, you correct

Answer 7

Corregir (i)

Yo corrijo, tú corriges

Question 8

To arise (come about, emerge)
I arise, you arise

Answer 8

Surgir

Yo surjo, tú surges

Question 9

To grab, take

I grab, you grab

Answer 9

Coger

Yo cojo, tú coges

Question 10

To distinguish

I distinguish, you distinguish

Answer 10

Distinguir

Yo distingo, tú distingues

Question 11

To get, acquire

I get, you get

Answer 11

Conseguir (i)

Yo consigo, tú consigues

Question 12

To pursue, chase

I chase, you chase

Answer 12

Perseguir (i)

Yo persigo, tú persigues

Question 13

To follow, continue (keep going)

I follow, you follow

Answer 13

Seguir (i)

Yo sigo, tú sigues

Question 14

To convince

I convince, you convince

Answer 14

Convencer

Yo convenzo, tú convences

Question 15

To know of, to meet (for 1st time)

I know, you know

Answer 15

Conocer

Yo conozco, tú conoces

Question 16

To produce

I produce, you produce

Answer 16

Producir

Yo produzco, tú produces

Question 17

To appear

I appear, you appear

Answer 17

Aparecer

Yo aparezco, tú apareces

Question 18

To translate

I translate, you translate

Answer 18

Traducer

Yo traduzco, tú traduces

Question 19

To drive (ES)
I drive, you drive

Answer 19

Conducir

Yo conduzco, tú conduces

Question 20

To do, make

I do, you do

Answer 20

Hacer

Yo hago, tú haces

Question 21

To say

I say, you say

Answer 21

Decir

Yo digo, tú dices

Question 22

To grab, take hold of

I take hold of, take hold of

Answer 22

Asir

Yo asgo, tú ases

Question 23

To put

I put, you put

Answer 23

Poner

Yo pongo, tú pones

Question 24

To go out

I go out, you go out

Answer 24

Salir

Yo salgo, tú sales

Question 25

To satisfy

I satisfy, you satisfy

Answer 25

Satisfacer

Yo satisfago, tú satisfaces

Question 26

To have

I have, you have

Answer 26

Tener (ie)

Yo tengo, tú tienes

Question 27

To be worth, value

I am worth, you are worth

Answer 27

Valer

Yo valgo, tú vales

Question 28

To come

I come, you come

Answer 28

Venir (ie)

Yo vengo, tú vienes

Question 29

To fall

I fall, you fall

Answer 29

Caer

Yo caigo, tú caes

Question 30

To hear

I hear, you hear

Answer 30

Oír

Yo oigo, tú oyes

Question 31

To bring

I bring, you bring

Answer 31

Traer

Yo traigo, tú traes

Question 32

What happens with -uir verbs in the present tense?

e.g. concluir

Answer 32

1st, 2nd, 3rd person:
Between vowels, an unstressed ‘i’ changes to a ‘y’

Concluir (to conclude): yo concluyo, tú concluyes,

Question 33

To conclude

I conclude, you conclude

Answer 33

Concluir

Yo concluyo, tú concluyes

Question 34

To argue

I argue, you argue

Answer 34

Argüir

Yo arguyo, tú arguyes

Question 35

To contribute

I contribute, you contribute

Answer 35

Contribuir

Yo contribuyo, tú contribuyes

Question 36

To distribute

I distribute, you distribute

Answer 36

Distribuir

Yo distribuyo, tú distribuyes

Question 37

To include

I include, you include

Answer 37

Incluir

Yo incluyo, tú incluyes

Question 38

How is G pronounced?

Answer 38

Before A, O, U, or a consonant = hard G
Before E or I = pronounced like a Spanish J

“gu”: before i, e, or o, = hard G e.g. ‘guerra’
“gu”: before a = “whua” e.g. ‘aguacate’

Question 39

How is C pronounced?

Answer 39

Before H = “ch”

Before A, O, U, any other consonant (including C) = hard C (k)

Before E or I = soft C (s)

Question 40

How are words ending in vowel, N or S pronounced?

Answer 40

Stress on the 2nd last syllable

Question 41

How are words ending in consonants (other than N&S) pronounced?

Answer 41

Stress on last syllable

Question 42

Words ending in vowels and which consonants are stressed on 2nd last syllable?

Answer 42

N and S

Question 43

To thank

Answer 43

Agradecer (cer)

Yo agradezco, tú agradeces