The Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the true pelvis

A

the space below the iliac fossa and between the pelvic bones

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2
Q

The upper margin of the true pelvis is limited by

A

the sacral promontory, the arcuate line, the pectineal line and the top of the symphysis pubis

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3
Q

What is the false pelvis

A

part of the abdomen and is the entire space bounded by the iliac fossae

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4
Q

The pelvic cavity is limited inferiorly by

A

the pelvic diaphragm

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5
Q

The pelvic diaphragm is made up of which muscles

A

levator ani and coccygeus

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6
Q

Where is the Perineum

A

the region beneath the pelvic diaphragm containing the external genitalia anteriorly, the anal canal posteriorly and the supporting muscular connective tissue, blood supply and innervation

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7
Q

The perineum contains:

A
  • the external genitalia anteriorly
  • the anal canal posteriorly
  • the supporting muscular connective tissue, blood supply and innervation
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8
Q

Sacral promontory

A
  • the most anterior part of the sacrum and is the body of the first sacral segment
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9
Q

Arcuate line

A
  • continuation of the sacral promontory around the inlet

- defines the lower border of the iliac fossa

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10
Q

Ileopectineal line runs medially to the:

A

pubic crest

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11
Q

The sacroiliac joint has two components:

A

one synovial and one fibrous

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12
Q
A

Sacrum

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13
Q
A

Ilium

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14
Q
A

Acetabulum (For hip joint)

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15
Q
A

Ischium

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16
Q
A

Orturator foramen

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17
Q
A

Symphisis pubis

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18
Q
A

Pubis

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19
Q
A

Iliac crest

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20
Q
A

Articular surface

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21
Q
A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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22
Q
A

Arcuate line

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23
Q
A

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

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24
Q
A

Pectineal line

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25
Q
A

Superior pubic ramus

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26
Q
A

Pubic tubercle

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27
Q
A

Articular surface for symphysis for pubis

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28
Q
A

Inferior pubic ramus

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29
Q
A

Obturator foramen

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30
Q
A

Ischial ramus

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31
Q
A

Ischial tuberositv

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32
Q
A

Lesser sciatic notch

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33
Q
A

Ischial spine

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34
Q
A

Greater sciatic notch

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35
Q
A

Posterior inferior iliac spine

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36
Q
A

Posterior superior iliac spine

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37
Q
A

Ligamentous surface

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38
Q

Auricular surface

A

The synovial surface on the posterior ileum

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39
Q

Where is the iliac tuberosity

A

situated immediately superior to the auricular surface

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40
Q

Iliac tuberosity function

A

provides the appendicular attachement for the fibrous joint components

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41
Q

The sacroiliac joint is reinforced by which ligaments:

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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42
Q

The pelvic diaphragm consists of two muscles:

A
  • anteriorly: levator ani

- posteriorly: coccygeus

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43
Q

The origin of levator ani

A

horizontal line running from pubis to ischial spine

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44
Q

The levator ani is pierced by the:

A
  • anteriorly: urethra, and in the female, by the vagina

- posteriorly: anal canal

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45
Q

Puborectalis function

A

pulls the anorectal junction forward

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46
Q

The coccygeus run from the ____ to the _______

A
  • Ischial spine

- Coccyx

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47
Q
A

Rectum

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48
Q
A

Levator ani

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49
Q
A

Coccygeus

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50
Q

Gastrointestinal contents of the pelvis

A

Rectum

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51
Q

Urinary contents of the pelvis

A
  • Ureters

- Bladder

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52
Q

Male reproductive contents of the pelvis

A
  • Vas deferens
  • Seminal vesicles
  • Prostate gland
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53
Q

Female reproductive contents of the pelvis

A
  • Ovaries
  • Uterine Tubes
  • Uterus
  • Cervix
  • Vagina
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54
Q

Circulatory contents of the pelvis

A
  • Common iliac artery
  • Internal iliac artery
  • External iliac artery
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55
Q

Nervous contents of the pelvis

A
  • Sacral plexus

- Autonomic innervation

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55
Q

Nervous contents of the pelvis

A
  • Sacral plexus

- Autonomic innervation

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56
Q

Peritoneal contents of the pelvis

A
  • Pouches
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57
Q

Is the rectum retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal

A

the initial part of the rectum has a mesentery, but it soon becomes retroperitoneal

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58
Q

Anal canal

A

where the rectum pierces the levator ani

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59
Q
A

Bladder

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60
Q
A

Vas deferens

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61
Q
A

Ampulla of vas

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62
Q
A

Prostatic urethra

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63
Q
A

Prostate

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64
Q
A

Penile urethra

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65
Q
A

Membranous urethra

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66
Q
A

Prostate

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67
Q
A

Ejaculatory duct

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68
Q
A

Seminal vesicles

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69
Q

What passes through the deep inguinal ring

A

the paired vas deferens

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70
Q

Where do the paired vas deferens meet

A

the prostate gland

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71
Q

Ampulla of vas

A

The vas deferens expand as they approach the midline, forming the ampulla of vas

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72
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles

A

joins the vas deferens at the termination of the ampulla

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73
Q

The ducts of the seminal vesicles and the vas form the:

A

ejaculatory ducts

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74
Q

Where is the prostate gland located:

A

beneath the bladder

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75
Q

Prostatic urethra

A

the part of the urethra that runs through the prostate gland and internal sphincter of the bladder

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76
Q

After passing through the prostate, the urethra passes through:

A

the urogenital diaphragm

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77
Q

Where is the membranous urethra

A

the part of the urethra in the urogenital diaphragm

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78
Q

What surrounds the urogenital diaphragm

A

the external sphincter

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79
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands

A

within the urogenital diaphragm

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80
Q

Where do the bulbourethral glands’ ducts enter

A

the urethra in the penis

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81
Q

Where is the penile urethra located

A

the penis

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82
Q

Ovaries

A

the paired female sex glands

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83
Q

The ovaries produce

A

the ova

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84
Q

Round ligament of the ovary

A

suspend the ovaries from the uterus

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85
Q

Where is the round ligament of the uterus?

A

runs from the wall of the uterus, through the inguinal canal, to labia majora

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86
Q

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

A

suspends the ovaries from the pelvic wall

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87
Q

Function of the uterine tubes

A

collect the ova from the ovary and convey them to the uterus

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88
Q

The uterine tubes have 3 parts:

A
  • The infundibulum
  • The ampulla
  • The isthmus
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89
Q

The infundibulum

A

The part of the uterine tubes that is open with fimbriae and reach to the ovary

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90
Q

The ampulla

A

the body of the uterine tubes and is lined with a ciliated epithelium that propels ova toward the uterus

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91
Q

The isthmus

A

the region of the uterine tubes where the tube opens into the uterus

92
Q
A

Infundibulum

93
Q
A

Uterine tube

94
Q
A

Uterus

95
Q
A

Mesosalpinx

96
Q
A

Mesovarium

97
Q
A

Ovary

98
Q
A

Ovarian ligament

99
Q
A

Broad ligament

100
Q
A

Cervix

101
Q
A

Vagina

102
Q
A

Labia majora

103
Q
A

Inguinal canal

104
Q
A

Round ligament of uterus

105
Q
A

Ovary

106
Q
A

Broad ligament

107
Q
A

Mesosalpinx

108
Q
A

Mesovarium

109
Q
A

Ovary

110
Q

Where is the uterus

A

betweenthe bladder and the rectum

111
Q

Broad ligament

A

a fold of peritoneum that covers the uterus

112
Q

The uterus connects

A

the uterine tubes to the vagina

113
Q

Function of the uterus

A

gestation of the embryo/fetus

114
Q

The cervix has two openings:

A
  • Internal OS

- External OS

115
Q

Fornix

A

a circular recess around the external os

116
Q

The external os opens into the

A

vagina

117
Q

Posterior fornix

A

the deepest part of the fornix

118
Q

The wall of the uterus has three layers:

A
  • perimetrium
  • myometrium
  • endometrium
119
Q

perimetrium

A

the capsule of the uterine wall

120
Q

myometrium

A

the thick, smooth muscle wall of the uterine wall

121
Q

endometrium

A

the inner mucosal lining of the uterine wall, which undergoes the changes of the menstrual cycle

122
Q

Where is the vagina

A

upper 2/3 in the pelvis and lower 1/3 in the perineum

123
Q

The vagina pierces the

A

pelvic floor

124
Q

Vestibule

A

opening of the vagina

125
Q

where is vestibule

A

between the labia minora, inferior to the external urethral orifice, and anterior to the anus

126
Q
A

Recto-uterine pouch

127
Q
A

Posterior fornix

128
Q
A

Rectum

129
Q
A

Anal canal

130
Q
A

Vestibule

131
Q
A

Urethra

132
Q
A

Vagina

133
Q
A

Bladder

134
Q
A

Anterior fornix

135
Q
A
136
Q

The common iliac artery has two main branches

A
  • External iliac artery

- Internal iliac artery

137
Q

External iliac artery location

A

runs down the lateral wall on the pelvic brim and enters the thigh under the inguinal ligament

138
Q

Internal iliac artery supplies

A

the artery to the pelvis and the gluteal region

139
Q

Internal iliac artery main branches

A
  • Lateral sacral artery
  • Superior gluteal artery
  • Inferior gluteal artery
  • Interal pudendal artery
  • Uterine artery
  • Vesicular arteries
  • Obturator artery
  • Vaginal artery
140
Q

Lateral sacral artery goes to

A

pelvic walls

141
Q

Internal pudendal artery goes to

A

the perineum

142
Q

The uterine artery goes to

A

the uterus

143
Q

Vesicular arteries goes to

A

the bladder

144
Q

Obturator artery goes to

A

runs through the obturator canal to the medial compartment of the thigh

145
Q

Vaginal artery goes to

A

replaces the inferior vesicular artery

146
Q

The somatic nerves of the pelvis derive from the:

A

sacral plexus

147
Q

Pudendal nerve runs to the

A

perineum

148
Q

Pudendal nerve arise from

A

S2,3,4

149
Q

The autonomic supply of the pelvis come from the _______ for sympathetic innervation

A

lower sympathetic trunk

150
Q

The autonomic supply of the pelvis come from the _______ for parasympathetic innervation

A

pelvic plexus

151
Q

Nerves that synapse in the pelvic plexus arise from

A

S2,3,4

152
Q

two recesses of the borad ligament

A
  • vesicouterine pouch (anteriorly)

- rectouterine pouch (posteriorly)

153
Q

The borad ligament spawns two small mesenteries:

A
  • mesovarium

- mesosalpynx

154
Q

Mesovarium attaches

A

which attaches the ovary to the broad ligament

155
Q

Mesosalpynx attaches

A

attaches the uterine tube to the broad ligament

156
Q

Vesicorectal pouch

A

the ouch between the bladder and the rectum in the male

157
Q
A

Levator ani

158
Q
A

Anus

159
Q
A

Urethra

160
Q
A

Urogenital diaphragm

161
Q

The perineum contains the:

A
  • external genitalia
  • anal canal
  • ischiorectal fossa
162
Q

Perineum is divided into two triangles:

A
  • Urogenital triangle (anterior)

- Anal triangle (posterior)

163
Q

Urogenital triangle contains

A

the external genitalia

164
Q

Anal triangle contains

A

the anal canal and the ischiorectal fossa

165
Q

Urogenital diaphragm covers

A

inferior surface of the levator ani

166
Q

Urogenital diaphragm fills the:

A

triangular space

167
Q

Perineal membrane

A

superficial fascia of the urogenital triangle

168
Q

The urogenital diaphragm is attached on each side along the:

A

ischiopubic ramus, pubic, and ischium

169
Q

The male has two parts to his genitalia:

A

the penis and the testes

170
Q

The penis consists of three cylinders in its erectile tissue

A
  • the paired corpora cavernosa
  • midline corpus spongiosum
  • urethra
171
Q

Where is the crus

A

proximal on each corpus cavernosum

172
Q

Ischiocavernosus muscle

A

attach the crura to the body of the ischium

173
Q
A

Corpus cavernosa

174
Q
A

Corpus spongiosum

175
Q
A

Urethra

176
Q
A

Testis

177
Q
A

Bulbourethral gland

178
Q
A

Prostate

179
Q
A

Seminal vesicle

180
Q
A

Rectum

181
Q
A

Ureter

182
Q
A

Bladder

183
Q
A

Prostatic urethra

184
Q
A

Vas deferens

185
Q
A

Penile urethra

186
Q

3 muscles holding the penis in place

A
  • 2 ischiocavernosis

- 1 bulbospongiosus

187
Q
A

Peritoneum

188
Q
A

Obturator internus & Fascia

189
Q
A

Bulbospongiosus

190
Q
A

Urogenital diaphragm

191
Q
A

Ischiocavernosus

192
Q
A

Levator ani

193
Q

Where is the corpus spongiosum

A

between the two corpora cavernosa

194
Q

Clitoris

A

an erectile organ with much of its structure homologous to the penis

195
Q

Where is the clitoris?

A

at the superior angle of the vestibule

196
Q

Where do the labia majora meet

A

superiorly at the mons pubis and posteriorly at the fourchette

197
Q

The vulva is the

A

external genitalia

198
Q

the vulva consists of

A
  • mons pubis
  • labis (majora and minora)
  • clitoris
  • vestibule
199
Q
A

Anus

200
Q
A

Labia minora

201
Q
A

Labia majora

202
Q
A

Clitoris

203
Q
A

Opening of urethra

204
Q
A

Opening of vagina

205
Q

Anal columns

A

the upper portion of the anal canal with longitudinal folds

206
Q

Pectineal line

A

the inferior border of the anal columns

207
Q

The internal anal sphincter

A

a thickening of the smooth muscle wall of the gut

208
Q

The external anal sphincter

A

voluntary muscle and has deep, superficial and subcutaneous components

209
Q

Ischiorectal fossa location

A

fat filled spacebetween the anal canal, levator ani, and the obturator internus

210
Q

The ischiorectal fossa contains

A

the pudendal canal

211
Q

Pudendal canal contains

A
  • pudendal artery
  • pudendal vein
  • pudental nerve
212
Q

The internal pudendal artery enters the perineum via the

A

pudendal canal

213
Q

The internal pudendal artery gives off the

A

inferior rectal artery and the perineal artery

214
Q

The internal pudendal artery divides into the

A

deep and dorsal arteries of the penis/clitoris

215
Q

The pudendal nerve gives off the

A

inferior rectal nerve

216
Q

the inferior rectal nerve goes to the

A

skin of the anal triangle and to the external anal sphincter

217
Q

The pudendal nerve divides into the

A

perineal nerves and the dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris

218
Q

Testis and ovary generally are supplied by

A

least splanchnic nerves

219
Q

Parasympathetic input of reproductive system comes from

A

pelvic splanchnic via the inferior hypogastric plexus

220
Q

In the male reproductive system, parasympathetic nerves are responsible for

A

erection

221
Q

In the male reproductive system, sympathetic nerves are responsible for

A

ejaculation

222
Q

The sympathetic output for ejaculation generally comes from:

A

L1-2

223
Q

What type of innervation contracts the sphincter of the bladder, preventing retrograde ejaculation

A

sympathetic

224
Q

Ejaculation is assisted by the contraction of

A

the bulbospongiosus

225
Q

The bulbospongiosus is innervated by the

A

pudendal nerve

226
Q

In the female reproductive system, the sympathetic supply to the uterus and vagina is from

A

T10-L2

227
Q

In the female reproductive system, the sympathetic services the

A

uterine and vaginal arteries and assists the endocrine system in uterine contraction