The Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards
What is the true pelvis
the space below the iliac fossa and between the pelvic bones
The upper margin of the true pelvis is limited by
the sacral promontory, the arcuate line, the pectineal line and the top of the symphysis pubis
What is the false pelvis
part of the abdomen and is the entire space bounded by the iliac fossae
The pelvic cavity is limited inferiorly by
the pelvic diaphragm
The pelvic diaphragm is made up of which muscles
levator ani and coccygeus
Where is the Perineum
the region beneath the pelvic diaphragm containing the external genitalia anteriorly, the anal canal posteriorly and the supporting muscular connective tissue, blood supply and innervation
The perineum contains:
- the external genitalia anteriorly
- the anal canal posteriorly
- the supporting muscular connective tissue, blood supply and innervation
Sacral promontory
- the most anterior part of the sacrum and is the body of the first sacral segment
Arcuate line
- continuation of the sacral promontory around the inlet
- defines the lower border of the iliac fossa
Ileopectineal line runs medially to the:
pubic crest
The sacroiliac joint has two components:
one synovial and one fibrous
Sacrum
Ilium
Acetabulum (For hip joint)
Ischium
Orturator foramen
Symphisis pubis
Pubis
Iliac crest
Articular surface
Anterior superior iliac spine
Arcuate line
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
Pectineal line
Superior pubic ramus
Pubic tubercle
Articular surface for symphysis for pubis
Inferior pubic ramus
Obturator foramen
Ischial ramus
Ischial tuberositv
Lesser sciatic notch
Ischial spine
Greater sciatic notch
Posterior inferior iliac spine
Posterior superior iliac spine
Ligamentous surface
Auricular surface
The synovial surface on the posterior ileum
Where is the iliac tuberosity
situated immediately superior to the auricular surface
Iliac tuberosity function
provides the appendicular attachement for the fibrous joint components
The sacroiliac joint is reinforced by which ligaments:
sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
The pelvic diaphragm consists of two muscles:
- anteriorly: levator ani
- posteriorly: coccygeus
The origin of levator ani
horizontal line running from pubis to ischial spine
The levator ani is pierced by the:
- anteriorly: urethra, and in the female, by the vagina
- posteriorly: anal canal
Puborectalis function
pulls the anorectal junction forward
The coccygeus run from the ____ to the _______
- Ischial spine
- Coccyx
Rectum
Levator ani
Coccygeus
Gastrointestinal contents of the pelvis
Rectum
Urinary contents of the pelvis
- Ureters
- Bladder
Male reproductive contents of the pelvis
- Vas deferens
- Seminal vesicles
- Prostate gland
Female reproductive contents of the pelvis
- Ovaries
- Uterine Tubes
- Uterus
- Cervix
- Vagina
Circulatory contents of the pelvis
- Common iliac artery
- Internal iliac artery
- External iliac artery
Nervous contents of the pelvis
- Sacral plexus
- Autonomic innervation
Nervous contents of the pelvis
- Sacral plexus
- Autonomic innervation
Peritoneal contents of the pelvis
- Pouches
Is the rectum retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
the initial part of the rectum has a mesentery, but it soon becomes retroperitoneal
Anal canal
where the rectum pierces the levator ani
Bladder
Vas deferens
Ampulla of vas
Prostatic urethra
Prostate
Penile urethra
Membranous urethra
Prostate
Ejaculatory duct
Seminal vesicles
What passes through the deep inguinal ring
the paired vas deferens
Where do the paired vas deferens meet
the prostate gland
Ampulla of vas
The vas deferens expand as they approach the midline, forming the ampulla of vas
Where are the seminal vesicles
joins the vas deferens at the termination of the ampulla
The ducts of the seminal vesicles and the vas form the:
ejaculatory ducts
Where is the prostate gland located:
beneath the bladder
Prostatic urethra
the part of the urethra that runs through the prostate gland and internal sphincter of the bladder
After passing through the prostate, the urethra passes through:
the urogenital diaphragm
Where is the membranous urethra
the part of the urethra in the urogenital diaphragm
What surrounds the urogenital diaphragm
the external sphincter
Where are the bulbourethral glands
within the urogenital diaphragm
Where do the bulbourethral glands’ ducts enter
the urethra in the penis
Where is the penile urethra located
the penis
Ovaries
the paired female sex glands
The ovaries produce
the ova
Round ligament of the ovary
suspend the ovaries from the uterus
Where is the round ligament of the uterus?
runs from the wall of the uterus, through the inguinal canal, to labia majora
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
suspends the ovaries from the pelvic wall
Function of the uterine tubes
collect the ova from the ovary and convey them to the uterus
The uterine tubes have 3 parts:
- The infundibulum
- The ampulla
- The isthmus
The infundibulum
The part of the uterine tubes that is open with fimbriae and reach to the ovary
The ampulla
the body of the uterine tubes and is lined with a ciliated epithelium that propels ova toward the uterus