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ANAT 316 > The Nervous System > Flashcards

The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system divides into:

A

The peripheral and central nervous system

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2
Q

The central nervous system consists of:

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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3
Q

The peripheral nervous system consists of

A
  • Somatic Nervous System
  • Autonomic Nervous System
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4
Q

The autonomic nervous system consists of

A
  • Sympathetic nervous system
  • Parasympathetic nervous system
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5
Q

3 main parts of the brain

A
  • Cerebrum
  • Cerebellum
  • Brain stem
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6
Q

Subparts of the cerebrum (2)

A
  • Telencephalon
  • Diencephalon
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7
Q

Subparts of the brain stem (3)

A
  • Mid brain
  • Pons
  • Medulla oblongata
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8
Q

The brain boasts three poles:

A
  • Frontal pole
  • Temporal pole
  • Occipital pole
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9
Q

Telencephalon

A
  • largest and most recently evolved area of the brain
  • shaped like a boxing glove
  • divided into left and right hemisphere by sagittal fissure
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10
Q

Horizontal fissure

A
  • separates the telencephalon from the cerebellum
  • has a lateral fissure which separates the temporal lobe from the upper part of the cerebrum
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11
Q
A

Frontal lobe

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12
Q
A

Parietal lobe

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13
Q
A

Occipital lobe

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14
Q
A

Occipital lobe

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15
Q
A

Temporal lobe

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16
Q

The cortex

A
  • the outer covering of the hemisphere
  • has many folds
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17
Q
A

Pre-central sulcus

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18
Q
A

Central sulcus

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19
Q
A

Post-central sulcus

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20
Q
A

Pre-central gyrus

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21
Q
A

Post-centrl gyrus

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22
Q
A

Lateral sulcus

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23
Q

Components of the diencephalon (4)

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • subthalamus
  • epithalamus
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24
Q

Thalamus

A

a large nucleus located on both sides of the third ventricle; it is the main sensory nucleus of the brain handling every sense apart from smell

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25
Q

Hypothalamus

A

situated below the thalamus and connected directly to the pituitary gland, which hangs from it

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26
Q

Subthalamus

A

a small nucleus located below the thalamus

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27
Q

Epithalamus

A

another small nucleus located below the thalamus

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28
Q
A

Cerebrum

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29
Q
A

Midbrain

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30
Q
A

Diencephalon

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31
Q
A

Pons

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32
Q
A

Medulla

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33
Q
A

Spinal cord

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34
Q
A

Cerebellum

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35
Q
A

Lateral ventricles

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36
Q
A

Caudate nucleus of the basal ganglia

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37
Q
A

Lentiform nucleus of the basal ganglia

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38
Q
A

3rd ventricle

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39
Q
A

Internal capsule

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40
Q
A

Thalamus

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41
Q
A

Corpus callosum

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42
Q

Grey matter of the cerebrum contains:

A

the cell bodies of the neurons (nerve cells)

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43
Q

Basal ganglia (3)

A
  • Lentiform nucleus
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Amygdala
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44
Q
A

Spinal cord

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45
Q
A

Medulla

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46
Q
A

Pons

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47
Q
A

Midbrain

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48
Q
A

3rd ventricle

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49
Q
A

Corpus callosum

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50
Q
A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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51
Q
A

Calcarine sulcus

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52
Q
A

4th ventricle

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53
Q

3 types of fibers of white matter

A
  • Association fibers
  • Commissural fibers
  • Projection fibers
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54
Q

Association fibers

A

are for communication within one hemisphere and can be long, short, or intermediate

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55
Q

Commissural fibers

A

are for communication between the hemispheres

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56
Q

3 sets of commisural fibers in the brain

A
  • the small anterior commissure
  • the tiny posterior commissure
  • the huge corpus callosum
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57
Q

Projection fibers

A
  • communicate between different levels of the nervous system
  • pass from one level of the nervous system to another
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58
Q

Describe the pathway fibers of the Pyramidal tract take

A

fibers pass from the motor cortex, down through the internal capsule, through the cerebral peduncles, through the pons and medulla to the spinal cord and eventually to the spinal level of their target tissue

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59
Q

The midbrain has two large fiber bundles

A
  • anteriorly the cerebral peduncles
  • posteriorly the paired superior and inferior colliculi
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60
Q

Pons

A

bridges the cerebellar hemispheres

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61
Q

Medulla oblangata

A
  • continuous with the spinal cord
  • on the anterior sureface are the paired pyramids medially and the olives laterally
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62
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • responsible for coordination
  • its main connection to the brain stem is via the large middle cerebellar peduncles
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63
Q
A

Cerebellum

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64
Q
A

Inferior colliculus

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65
Q
A

Superior colliculus

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66
Q
A

Midbrain

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67
Q
A

Mammillary body

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68
Q
A

Oculomotor nerve

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69
Q
A

Pons

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70
Q
A

4th ventricle

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71
Q
A

Central canal

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72
Q
A

Medulla

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73
Q
A

Spinal cord

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74
Q
A

Cervical enlargement

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75
Q
A

Lumbar enlargement

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76
Q
A

Conus medullaris

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77
Q
A

Filum terminale

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78
Q
A

Cauda equina

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79
Q

The spinal cord extends in the ___________ from the __________ down to _____

A
  • vertebral canal
  • foramen magnum
  • L 1/2
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80
Q
A

Ventral root

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81
Q
A

Spinal nerve

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82
Q
A

Dorsal root ganglion

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83
Q
A

Dorsal root

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84
Q
A

Posterior horn

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85
Q
A

Intermediate horn (T1-L2)

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86
Q
A

Anterior horn

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87
Q
A

Dorsal funiculus

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88
Q
A

Ventral funiculus

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89
Q
A

Lateral funiculus

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90
Q

The anterior horns are responsible for:

A

motor function

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91
Q

The posterior horns are responsible for:

A

sensory function

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92
Q

The ventricular system

A

The CNS contains a fluid-filled system of chambers known as ventricles and ducts

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93
Q

Lateral ventricles

A
  • numerically: ventricles 1 and 2
  • anterior horn (in the frontal lobe)
  • posterior horn (in the occipital lobe)
  • inferior horn (in the temporal lobe)
  • body (in the parietal lobe)
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94
Q

Atrium of the ventricles

A
  • the wide posterior part of the body joining the posterior and inferior horns
  • contain choroid plexuses
  • filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
  • connect to the third ventricle via the paired foramina of monro
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95
Q

Third ventricle

A
  • thin, sagittally oriented space located between the two halves of the thalamus
  • joined to the fourth ventricle by the aqueduct of sylvius which passes through the midbrain
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96
Q

Fourth ventricle

A
  • diamond-shaped space between the pons and medulla in front and the cerebellum behind
  • is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord
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97
Q

In the fourth ventricle, CSF travels from the ____________ and _________ into the _____________.

A

Foramina of luschka; foramen of magendie; subarachnoid space

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98
Q
A

Anterior horn

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99
Q
A

Body

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100
Q
A

Posterior horn

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101
Q
A

Inferior horn

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102
Q
A

3rd ventricle

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103
Q
A

Foramen of munro

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104
Q
A

Aqueduct

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105
Q
A

4th ventricle

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106
Q
A

Central canal

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107
Q
A

Foramen of Monro

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108
Q
A

Lateral ventricle

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109
Q
A

4th ventricle

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110
Q
A

Central canal

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111
Q
A

Foramina of Luschka

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112
Q
A

Aqueduct

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113
Q
A

3rd Ventricle

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114
Q

Meninges

A

specialized connective tissue that encases the CNS

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115
Q

From outermost to innermost, they three layers of meninges are:

A
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid mater
  • Pia mater
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116
Q

Dura mater

A
  • closest to surrounding bone
  • invaginates into the sagittal fissure to form the falx cerebri
  • invaginates into the horizontal fissure as the tentorium cerebelli
  • contains channels: the dural venous sinuses
  • covers the brain and extends down the vertebral canal as far as the sacrum
  • has a fat-filled space between it and the vertrebral column called the epidural space
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117
Q

Arachnoid mater

A
  • contains blood vessels
  • invaginates into the fissures and extends a short way into the sulci
  • attaches to the pia mater in the cranial vault, creating the subarachnoid space for CSF to circulate
  • is firmly attached to the dura in the vertebral column
  • is connected to the pia in the verterbal column by the denticulate ligaments
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118
Q

Pia matter

A
  • attached to the superficial cortex and to the outer surface of the spinal cord
  • is the outer layer of the CNS
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119
Q
A

Skull

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120
Q
A

Pia

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121
Q
A

Arachnoid

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122
Q
A

Dura

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123
Q
A

Pia

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124
Q
A

Denticulate ligaments

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125
Q
A

Arachnoid

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126
Q
A

Dura

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127
Q
A

Dura

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128
Q
A

Falx cerebri

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129
Q
A

Arachnoid

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130
Q
A

Pia

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131
Q
A

Tentorium cerebelli

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132
Q
A

Skull

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133
Q
A

Epidural space

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134
Q
A

Vertebrae

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135
Q
A

Denticulate ligaments

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136
Q
A

Dural & arachnoid

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137
Q
A

Lumbar cistern

138
Q

Choroid plexuses

A
  • produces cerebral spinal fluid in the ventricles from filtered arterial blood
139
Q

CSF circulation

A
  • It passes from the lateral ventricles, through the foramina of Monro to the third ventricle and through the aqueduct to the fourth ventricle and central canal.
  • It passes into the subarachnoid space via the foramina of Luschka and Magendie.
  • It then circulates all around the CNS in the subarachnoid space, providing a shock absorptive function.
  • It eventually passes from the subarachnoid space in the region of the root of the falx. In this region, the arachnoid mater penetrates through the dura into the superior sagittal sinus.
  • The CSF can thus filter through the arachnoid villi into the sinus, which is also filled with venous blood.
  • The sinuses eventually empty into the internal jugular vein.
140
Q
A

Superior sagittal sinus

141
Q
142
Q
143
Q
144
Q
A

Subarachnoid space

145
Q
A

Arachnoid villus

146
Q

The brain recieves blood from two sources

A
  • the internal carotid arteries
  • the vertebral arteries
147
Q

The internal carotid arteries reach inside the skull via the:

A

carotid canal

148
Q

The vertebral arteries reach the inside of the skull via the:

A

foramen magnum

149
Q

The vertebral arteries connect to form the;

A

basilar artery (runs up the pons)

150
Q

The basilar artery divides in two to form the two:

A

Posterior cerebral arteries

151
Q
A

Middle cerebral arteries

152
Q
A

Posterior communication arteries

153
Q
A

Posterior cerebal arteries

154
Q
A

Basilar artery

155
Q
A

Vertebral artery

156
Q
A

Subclavian artery

157
Q
A

Brachiocephalic artery

158
Q
A

Common carotid artery

159
Q
A

External carotid artery

160
Q
A

Internal carotid artery

161
Q
A

Anterior communicating artery

162
Q
A

Anterior cerebral arteries

163
Q
A

Anterior cerebral artery

164
Q
A

Middle cerebral artery

165
Q
A

Posterior cerebral artery

166
Q
A

Right internal carotid arteries

167
Q
A

Right common carotid artery

168
Q
A

Right subclavian artery

169
Q
A

Brachiocephalic artery

170
Q
A

Aortic arch

171
Q
A

Left subclavian artery

172
Q
A

Left common carotid artery

173
Q
A

Vertebral arteries

174
Q
A

Left internal carotid arteries

175
Q
A

Basilar artery

176
Q
A

Posterior communicating artery

177
Q
A

Anterior communicating artery

178
Q

Functions of the somatic system

A
  • provides voluntary motor control and general sensation information
  • consists of 31 or 32 pairs of spinal nerves and twelve pairs of cranial nerves
179
Q

Spinal nerves

A

exit the spinal cord and the vertebral column through the intervertebral foramina

180
Q

Dorsal root

A

each nerve has a dorsal root which receives sensory information

181
Q

Ventral root

A

each nerve has a ventral root which sends motor information

182
Q

Dorsal ramus and ventral ramus

A

the spinal nerves exit their intervertrbral foramina and split into a small dorsal ramus and a large ventral ramus

183
Q

Dorsal root ganglia

A

the cell bodies of the sensory nerves are found in the dorsal root ganglia

184
Q

How are the spinal nerves classified?

A

alphanumerically according to their spinal levels

185
Q

C1-C8

A
  • cervical nerves
  • exit above their corresponding vertebrae
186
Q

T1-T12

A
  • thoracic nerves
  • exit below their corresponding vertebrae
187
Q

L1-L5

A
  • lumbar nerves
  • exit below their corresponding vertebrae
188
Q

S1-S5

A
  • sacral nerves
    -exit below their corresponding vertebrae
189
Q

Autonomic system

A

provides involuntary motor control and visceral sensory perception

190
Q

Major pathways of the somatic nervous system

A
  • Sensory pathways (Ascending)
  • Motor pathways (Descending)
191
Q

Sensory modalities (6)

A
  • touch - discriminatory (fine)
  • touch - non-discriminatory (crude)
  • pain
  • temperature
  • joint position - proprioception
  • vibration
192
Q

Important tracts in the sensory pathway

A
  • dorsal columns
  • anterolateral columns
193
Q

Dorsal columns

A
  • carry discriminatory touch, joint position and vibration
  • fibers run from below T6 and travel in the fasciculus gracilis
  • fibers above T6 travel in the fasciculus cuneatus
  • the pathway ascends into the brain stem in the medial lemniscus and synapses again in the thalamus
  • the pathway goes through the internal capsule and ends on the postcentral gyrus in the sensory cortex
194
Q

Anterolateral columns

A
  • carries crude touch, pain and temperature sensations
  • the second axon of this system crosses over and ascends in the naterolateral tracts
195
Q

Motor pathways

A

initiate movement in the muscles

196
Q

Tracts of the Motor pathways

A
  • Corticospinal tract
  • Other motor tracts
197
Q

Corticospinal tract

A
  • most direct motor pathway
  • motor activity is initiated in the motor cortex and the premotor activity
  • fibers travel down through the internal capsule, the cerebral peduncles, the pons and then through the pyramids of the medulla
  • in the lower medulla, fibers crossover and form the lateral corticospinal tract
  • the rest of the fibers remain on the same side to form the anterior corticospinal tract
198
Q
A

Fasciculus gracilis

199
Q
A

Fasciculus cuneatus

200
Q
A

Anterolateral tracts

201
Q
A

Anterior corticospinal tract

202
Q
A

Lateral corticospinal tract

203
Q
A

Dorsal columns

209
Q
A

Dorsal columns

210
Q
A

Nuclei gracilus and cuneatus

211
Q
A

Fasciculus cuneatus

212
Q
A

Fasciculus gracilus

213
Q
A

Lumbar enlargement for lower limb

214
Q
A

Cervical enlargement (for brachial plexus)

215
Q
A

Anterolateral spinothalamic tract

216
Q
A

Medial lemniscus

217
Q
A

Antero and lateral funiculi

218
Q
A

Internal capsule

219
Q
A

Lentiform nucleus

220
Q
221
Q
A

Corticospinal tract

222
Q
A

Pyramid of medulla

223
Q
A

Lateral cortico-spinal tract

224
Q
A

Anterior track

225
Q
A

Ventral root

226
Q
A

Anterior corticospinal tract

227
Q
A

Decussation of the pyramids

228
Q

CN #1 (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Olfactory
  • Sensory
  • Smell
  • Cribriform plate
229
Q

CN #2 (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Optic
  • Sensory
  • Sight
  • Optic canal
230
Q

CN #3 (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Oculomotor
  • Motor
  • Eye movement
  • Superior orbital fissure
231
Q

CN #4 (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Trochlear
  • Motor
  • Eye movement
  • Superior orbital fissure
232
Q

CN #5 (Name, Type, Action, Foramen (V1, V2, V3))

A
  • Trigeminal
  • Both
  • Face sensation and muscles of mastication
  • V1: Superior oribital fissure
  • V2: Foramen rotundum
  • V3: Foramen ovale
233
Q

CN #6 (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Abducens
  • Motor
  • Eye movement
  • Superior orbital fissure
234
Q

CN #7 (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Facial
  • Both
  • Facial expression and taste
  • Stylomastoid foramen
235
Q

CN #8 (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Vesibulococlear
  • Sensory
  • Hearing and balance
  • Internal acoustic meatus
236
Q

CN #9 (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Both
  • Taste and general sensation
  • Jugular foramen
237
Q

CN #10 (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Vagus
  • Both
  • Larynx sense and movement
  • Jugular foramen
238
Q

CN #11 (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Spinal accessory
  • Motor
  • Upper limb movement
  • Jugular foramen
239
Q

CN #12 (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Hypoglossal
  • Motor
  • Tongue movement
  • Hypoglassal canal
240
Q

Opthalmic Component (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Trigeminal Nerve V1
  • Sensory
  • Forehead movement
  • Enters via Superior orbital fissure
241
Q

Maxillary Component (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Trigeminal Nerve V2
  • Sensory
  • Cheek movement
  • Enters via Foramen rotundum
242
Q

Mandibular Component (Name, Type, Action, Foramen)

A
  • Trigeminal Nerve V3
  • Sensory and motor
  • Jaw movement
  • Enters/exits via Foramen ovale
243
Q
244
Q
A

Olfactory bulb

245
Q
A

Olfactory mucosa layer

246
Q
A

Optic canal

247
Q
A

Optic tract

248
Q
A

Optic nerve

249
Q
A

Optic chiasm

250
Q

Which nerves supplu the extra ocular muscles?

A
  • Oculomotor (CN 3)
  • Trochlear (CN 4)
  • Abducens (CN 6)
251
Q

Name the extra ocular muscles that CN 3 supplies

A
  • Superior rectus
  • Inferior rectus
  • Medial rectus
  • Inferior oblique
  • Levator palpebrae superioris
252
Q

Name the extra ocular muscles that CN 4 supplies

A

Superior oblique

253
Q

Name the extra ocular muscles that CN 6 supplies

A

Lateral rectus

254
Q
255
Q
256
Q
257
Q
258
Q
259
Q
260
Q
261
Q
262
Q
263
Q
264
Q
265
Q
266
Q
267
Q
A

Levator palpebrae superioris

268
Q
A

Superior rectus

269
Q
270
Q
A

Superior oblique

271
Q
272
Q
A

Medial rectus

273
Q
274
Q
A

Inferior rectus

275
Q
A

Inferior oblique

276
Q
277
Q
A

Lateral rectus

278
Q
A

Opthalmic Component

279
Q
A

Maxillary component

280
Q
A

Mandibular component

281
Q
282
Q
283
Q
284
Q
285
Q
286
Q
287
Q
288
Q
289
Q
290
Q
291
Q
292
Q
293
Q

Explain the general organization of the autonomic pathway

A
  • Each unit of information of the ANS, traveling from the brain to the periphery, utilizes a preganglionic and a postganglionic neuron
  • These cells communicate via a synapse in a ganglion outside the CNS
294
Q

Sympathetic nerves arise from:

A

levels T1 - L2

295
Q

Parasympathetic nerves originate from:

A

Cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, and 10, and sacral levels S2-4

296
Q

The sypathetic system is also called the

A

thoracolumbar system

297
Q

The parasympathetic system is also called the

A

craniosacral system

298
Q

When activated the sympathetic outflow acts: (2)

A
  • to shunt blood away from viscera and into skeletal muscles and sweat glands
  • on the adrenal medulla causing the release if epinephrine and norephinephrine into circulation evoking a ‘fight or flight’ response
299
Q

Autonomic nerves are distributed to two general target tissues:

A
  • the body walls, limbs and superfiical head and neck (which maintain homeostasis in these tissues)
  • the organ systems within the torso (thorax, abdomen and pelvic cavities) via the splanchnic nerves
300
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate in the __________ qnd exit through the ___________ to join the _______________.

A
  • intermediate horn of the grey matter of the spinal cord (between T1-T2)
  • anterior (ventral) root
  • spinal nerve
301
Q

Explain somatotopical arrangement

A

Axons traveling to the superior parts of the body (head, neck, upper limbs) originate in the superior-most portion of the intermediate horn, while those destined for the thorax exit inferiorly and so on until L1-2 where the pelvic, peritoneal and lower limb axons exit

302
Q

Sympathetic trunks

A
  • lie on each side of the vertebral column
  • consist of interconnected sympathteic ganglia that run from C1-S5
  • The ganglia are arranged somatotopically
  • originate on intermediate horn
  • has a short preganglionic neuron
303
Q

Superior cervical ganglion

A

represents C1-4

304
Q

Middle cervical ganglion

A

represents C5-6

305
Q

Inferior cervical ganglion

A

represents C7-8

306
Q

Ganglion impar

A

the most inferior two coccygeal ganglia fuse in midline to form the ganglion impar

307
Q

Nerves to the skin and blood vessels of the limbs, body walls, and superfiical head and neck, always synapse in the:

A

sympathetic trunk

308
Q

Synaptic nerves destined for body walls leave the spinal nerve via the _______, and then enter the ___________

A
  • white ramus communicans
  • sympathetic trunk
309
Q

3 posibilities for the sympathetic nerves destined for body walls

A
  • synapse in the sympathetic trunk ganglion and then exit via the grey ramus communicans to rejoin the spinal nerve
  • Travel superiorly to synapse in a higher-level sympathetic ganglion and then leave via the grey ramus communicans to join a spinal nerve
  • Travel inferiorly to synapse in the synaptic trunk and then exit via the grey communicans to join the spinal nerve
310
Q

Splanchnic nerves travel to

A

organs (viscera)

311
Q

4 possible pathways that the preganglionic component of the splanchnic nerves must follow:

A
  1. Synapse at its own level and go directly to the appriopriate plexus (lungs and some heart innervation)
  2. Travel superiorly in the trunk to synapse (head and neck and rest of the heart)
  3. Descend to the inferior lumbar and sacral level to synapse (bladder and reproductive organs)
  4. Pass through their corresponding sympathetic ganglion and emerge anteromedially as the thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves before synapsing in the abdominal ganglia or renal ganglia
312
Q
A

Lateral, Intermediate Grey Horn

313
Q
A

Sympathetic trunk

314
Q
A

White ramus

315
Q
A

Spinal nerve

316
Q
A

Grey ramus

317
Q

Solid lines represent _____ and dotted lines represent ________

A
  • Solid line represent sympathetic fibers destined for limbs and body walls
  • Dotted lines represent fibers destined for viscera or organs
318
Q

The pelvic splachnic nerves arise from ______. These send fibers to the _________, ________, and the __________ and also control blood flow to the _________ or ________

A
  • S2-4
  • distal GI tract
  • the bladder
  • the urethra
  • the penis
  • clitoris
319
Q

What forms the intramural enteric plexus?

A

The vagus and pelvic splachnic nerves in the GI tract

320
Q
A

Greater splanchnics

321
Q
A

Celiac ganglion

322
Q
A

Superior mesenteric ganglion

323
Q
324
Q
325
Q
326
Q
327
Q
A

Hypogastric plexus

328
Q
A

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

329
Q
A

Lumbar splanchnics

330
Q
A

Lesser splanchnics

331
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Eye (Pre-Ganglionic Nerve, Ganglion, Post-Ganglionic Nerve)

A
  • T1
  • Superior cervical ganglion
  • Intervate with carotid artery to eye and eyelid
332
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Heart (Pre-Ganglionic Nerve, Ganglion, Post-Ganglionic Nerve)

A
  • T1-T4
  • Trunk gangli C1-T4
  • By cardiac splanchnic nerve to cardiac plexus
333
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Lungs (Pre-Ganglionic Nerve, Ganglion, Post-Ganglionic Nerve)

A
  • T2-T4
  • Trunk ganglia T2-T4
  • By splanchnic nerves to pulmonary plexus
334
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Foregut (Pre-Ganglionic Nerve, Ganglion, Post-Ganglionic Nerve)

A
  • T5-T9
  • Greater splanchnic nerve to celiac ganglion
  • Follows branches of celiac trunk to tissue
335
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Midgut (Pre-Ganglionic Nerve, Ganglion, Post-Ganglionic Nerve)

A
  • T10-T11
  • Lesser splanchnic nerve to superior mesenteric ganglion
  • Follows superior mesenteric artery to midgut
336
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Hindgut (Pre-Ganglionic Nerve, Ganglion, Post-Ganglionic Nerve)

A
  • L1-L2
  • Lumbar splanchnic nerves to inferior mesenteric ganglion
  • Follows inferior mesenteric artery to hindgut
337
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Adrenal Medulla (Pre-Ganglionic Nerve, Ganglion, Post-Ganglionic Nerve)

A
  • T5-T9
  • Greater splanchnic nerve through celiac ganglion to adrenal
  • Synapse directly on adrenal medulla cells
338
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Kidneys (Pre-Ganglionic Nerve, Ganglion, Post-Ganglionic Nerve)

A
  • T12
  • Least splanchnic nerve to synapse in renal ganglion
  • Follow renal arteries to kidney
339
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Bladder Walls (Pre-Ganglionic Nerve, Ganglion, Post-Ganglionic Nerve)

A
  • T11-L2
  • Various ganglia
  • Various pathways
340
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Bladder Sphincter Vesicae (Pre-Ganglionic Nerve, Ganglion, Post-Ganglionic Nerve)

A
  • T11-L2
  • Inferior mesentery ganglia
  • Through aorta chain to anterior hypogastric plexus
341
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Reproductive System (Majority Case) (Pre-Ganglionic Nerve, Ganglion, Post-Ganglionic Nerve)

A
  • T12-L2
  • Synapse at same level
  • With least splanchnic nerves down preaortic plexuses to inferior hypogastric plexus
342
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Gonads (Pre-Ganglionic Nerve, Ganglion, Post-Ganglionic Nerve)

A
  • T12
  • Least splanchnic nerve to synapse in renal ganglion
  • Follow gonadal arteries to gonads

ANAT 316 (9 decks)

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