Exam Review Flashcards
How many bones of the skull are unpaired?
7
How many bones are there within the fascial cranium?
14
Which bone forms the roof of the orbit?
Frontal bone
Where does the pituitary gland sit?
Sella turcica
On which bone can the mastoid process be found?
Temporal bone
Which bone forms most of the lateral wall of the orbit?
Zygomatic
The foramen rotundum belongs to which bone?
Sphenoid
The ethmoid bone contains how many conchae?
2
Which bone contains the largest sinuses?
Maxillary bone
Where does the spinal cord exit the skull?
Foramen magnum
What forms the majority of the anterior cranial fossa?
Frontal bone
What bones form the zygomatic arch?
Zygomatic and temporal bone
The palatine bones make-up what amount of the posterior nasal wall
1/3
How many cranial fossae are there?
3
The maxilla forms how much of the hard palate
4/5
Where is the incisive foramen located?
Maxilla
Where is the mental foramen located?
Mandible
The condyloid process enters…
the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
The coronoid process’ main purpose is…
Muscleattachment
Which bone forms the posterior 1/5 of the hard palate?
Palatine bones
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the ethmoid bone?
a. Superior conchae
b. Cristagalli
c. Inferior conchae
d. Middleconchae
c. Inferior conchae
Which bone contains the infraorbital foramen?
Maxilla
In the anterior cranial fossa, what is between the 2 orbital plates?
Crista galli and cribriform of ethmoid bone
What is the main purpose of the hyoid bone?
Suspends the larynx
Which bone is the most complex?
a. Sphenoid bone
b. Occipital bone
c. Ethmoid bone
d. A and C
What forms the anterior 4/5 of the hard palate?
Maxilla palatine process
The ___________ contains the cranial and spinal nerves.
Somatic nervous system
The central nervous system consists of…
Brain and spinal cord
What are the main parts of the brain?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem
The precentral gyrus is important for
Voluntary motor movement
What are the parts of the brainstem?
Midbrain, pons, medulla
What are the poles of the brain?
Frontal, temporal, occipital
What are the names of the cerebral hemispheres?
Telencephalon and diencephalon
The thalamus is responsible for all sensory functions except
Smell
What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobes?
Central sulcus
Which fibers are responsible for communication within a cerebral hemisphere?
Association fibers
Where does the somatic nervous system begin and end?
Precentral and postcentral gyrus
The sensory cortex is located in the…
Postcentral gyrus
The calcarine sulcus is important for what function?
Vision
Which fibers are responsible for communication between the levels of the nervous system?
Projection fibers
What are the components of the diencephalon?
Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus
The motor cortex is located in the…
Precentral gyrus
Grey matter consists of…
Basal ganglia
The internal acoustic meatus can only be seen by which view?
Superiorly
Which fibers are responsible for communication between the cerebral hemispheres?
Commissural fibers
How many pairs cranial nerves are there?
12
What is the border of the medulla oblongata?
Foramen magnum
What are the components of the basal ganglia?
Caudatenucleus, lentiform nucleus and amygdala
The internal capsule is made of what?
White matter
Which nerve comes directly off of the pons?
Trigeminal nerve
What are the components of the lentiform nucleus?
Putamen and globus pallidus
Which nerves come off of the medulla oblongata?
CNIX-CNXII
The colliculi of the brainstem are located ______ on the mesencephalon.
Posteriorly
The pons is important as it is…
The bridge for the cerebellar hemispheres
The cauda equina consist of…
Nerves exiting below L2
The dorsal root is responsible for
Sensation
The posterior horn of the lateral ventricles can be found within…
Occipital lobe
The anterior horn is responsible for
Motor function
What is within the dorsal root ganglion?
Cell bodies of sensory neurons
What is the purpose of the filum terminale?
Attaches the spinal cord to the sacrum
The cerebellum is responsible for
Coordination
The anterior horn of the lateral ventricles can be found within…
Frontal lobe
The body of the lateral ventricles can be found within…
Parietal lobe
How many sets of nerves are there that emerge from the spinal cord?
32
What is the reason for spinal cord enlargements?
Due to the presence of nerve plexuses (brachial and lumbosacral).
The intermediate horns are responsible for…
Sympathetic nervous system
How does the CSF drain from the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space?
Foramina of luschka and Foramina of magendie
The 3rd ventricle is sandwiched by…
Thalamus
The ventricular system is responsible for
The circulation and production of CSF
The inferior horn of the lateral ventricles can be found within…
Temporal lobe
The choroid plexus is responsible for
The production of CSF
The lateral ventricles are connected to the 3rd ventricle by the…
Foramina of munro
The 4th canal flows into…
The central canal, Foramina of luschka, Foramina of magendie
How many neurons are there in the sensory chain?
3
CSF enters the subarachnoid space via
Foramina of luschka and Foramina of magendie
The denticulate ligaments are responsible for…
Attaching arachnoid mater to pia mater
How many layers of meninges are there?
3
What is the epidural space?
Fat-filled space between vertebral column and dura mater
Meninges are…
Hollow spaces that hold CSF
The subarachnoid space is responsible for…
The circulation of CSF
Which of the meninges is closest to the brain?
Pia mater
The falx cerebri can be found ______ on the meninges
Superiorly
The tentorium cerebri can be found _____ on the meninges
Posteriorly
Which of the meninges only extends to the cauda medullaris?
Pia mater
The dura mater contains…
Dural venous sinuses
Which cerebral artery is a branch of the vertebral artery?
Posterior cerebral artery
The superior sagittal sinus is filled with…
Venous blood and CSF
The falx and tentorium cerebri are responsible for…
Stopping the brain from bouncing around
Which of the meninges is closest to the skull?
Dura mater
Write out the pathway of CSF – beginning at the lateral ventricles and ending in the internal jugular vein
Choroid plexus, lateral ventricles, foramina o fMonroe, third ventricle, aqueduct of Silvius, fourth ventricle, foramina of Luschka and magendie, subarachnoid space, falx cerebri, arachnoid villi, superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, confluence, transverse sinuses, sigmoid sinuses, internal jugular vein, cavernous sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, internal jugular vein, superior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus, internal jugular vein
What is the lumbar cistern?
Large opening in the subarachnoid space.
Through which holes does blood enter the brain?
Carotid canal, Foramen magnum
Which cerebral artery comes through the lateral fissure?
Middle cerebral artery
Which cerebral artery is a branch of the internal carotid artery?
Anterior cerebral artery and Middle cerebral artery
Where do the internal carotid arteries split?
Sella turcica
Where do the vertebral arteries end?
Level of the pons
The anterior communicating artery
a. Is paired
b. Is not paired
c. Bifurcates
d. Becomes the anterior cerebral artery
b. Is not paired
The somatic nervous system is responsible for
Voluntary motor control and General sensory information
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for
Involuntary motor control and Visceral sensory information
For sensation for the upper trunk, upper limb and neck, the FIRST neuron synapses at the:
Fasiculi cuneatus
Number of sensory pathways of the somatic nervous system
2
Number of motor pathways of the somatic nervous system
4
Which percentage of fibers DO NOT decussate to the lateral corticospinal tract in the corticospinal tract motor pathway?
10%
Where do the spinothalamic columns synapse first?
Dorsal horn
The carotid canal can only be seen by which view?
Inferiorly
The dorsal columns are responsible for
Fine (discriminatory) touch, joint position and vibration
When does the dorsal column pathway decussate?
At the lower medulla
The spinothalamic/anterolateral columns are responsible for
Crude touch, temperature and pain
For sensation for the majority of the trunk and lower limbs, the neuron synapses at the:
Fasiculi gracilis
What is the sensory pathway of the dorsal columns? Begin at first neuron and end in sensory cortex.
First neuron synapses with the dorsal root ganglion, then synapses with a neuron in the posterior horn, neuron ascends and synpases at the level of the medulla, ends on the post-central (sensory cortex) gyrus.
What is the main difference between the dorsal and anterolateral (spinothalamic) columns?
Dorsal columns decussate in the lower medulla (nucleus cuneatus and gracilis), while spinothalamic columns crossover at the level they enter, immediately, and ascend in the anterolateral columns. If the right side of the spinal cord is lost, all dorsal column sensation is lost on the right side, while spinothalamic sensation is lost on the opposite side (the left).
Which is the most direct motor pathway?
Corticospinal
Which percentage of fibers decussate to the lateral corticospinal tract in the corticospinal tract motor pathway?
90%
The extra pyramidal system is responsible for what?
Muscle tone and control
What is the name of CNIII?
Oculomotor
How many nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?
3
How many nerves pass through the jugular foramen?
3
Which nerve passes through the stylomastoid foramen?
Facial nerve
The nerve that is responsible for smell is the…
Olfactory nerve
The nerve that synapses in the lateral geniculate bodies of the thalamus is…
Optic nerve
