The pelvis

Question 1

What is the blood supply to the female genitalia?

Answer 1

1) Common iliac artery
Branches into vaginal and uterine arteries

2) Gonadal (ovarian) arteries

Question 2

What is the blood supply to the female rectum?

Answer 2

Superior rectal artery (from the inferior mesenteric artery)

Question 3

What is the median sacral artery?

Answer 3

A direct branch from the posterior aorta

Question 4

What are the ligaments of the female pelvis?

Answer 4

1) Broad ligament
2) Ovarian ligaments
3) Suspensory ligaments
4) Round ligaments
5) Cardinal/transverse ligaments
6) Uterosacral ligaments
7) Pubocervical ligaments

Question 5

What is the function of the uterosacral and the pubocervical ligaments?

Answer 5

To support the uterus

Question 6

What does the transverse/cardinal ligament house?

Answer 6

The uterine artery and vein

Question 7

What is the broad ligament and what does it contain?

Answer 7

Folds of peritoneum

Contains the ovarian ligament and the round ligament, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes

Question 8

What does the suspensory ligament do?

Answer 8

Holds the ovaries to the lateral body wall

Question 9

What does the ovarian ligament do?

Answer 9

Join from the ovaries to the lateral side of the uterus

Question 10

What does the round ligament do? Travel?

Function?

Answer 10

Travel through the deep inguinal ring and inguinal canal to the labia majora - to maintain anterversion of the uterus during pregnancy

Question 11

What are the remains of the gubernaculum in females?

Answer 11

Round ligament and ovarian ligament

Question 12

What is the ‘vulva’?

Answer 12

The external genitalia of the female

Question 13

What is the ‘mons pubis’?

Answer 13

The fatty portion of the vulva at the anterior

Covered in pubic hair

Question 14

What is the ‘labia majora’ and ‘labia minora’?

Answer 14

Majora - outside, covered in pubic hair, joins from mons pubis to rectum

Question 15

What is the vestibule?

Answer 15

Area between the labia minora

Question 16

What is the prepuce of the vagina formed from?

Answer 16

The labia minora

Question 17

What is the relations of the vagina?

Answer 17

Anterior: bladder and urethra
Posterior: Rectum and anus

Question 18

Where does the uterus lie with respect to the bladder?

Answer 18

Above it

Question 19

What is the position of the uterus in the body?

Answer 19

Anteroverted wrt the vagina

Anteroflexed wrt the cervix

Question 20

What happens during pregnancy?

Answer 20

The uterus gets bigger - compressing the bladder (urinate more frequenty) and compressing the rectum (harder to excrete)

Question 21

What is the course of the right uterer?

Answer 21

1) Posterior to duodenum
2) Crossed by branches of the SUPERIOR MESENTERIC artery
3) Crosses anterior to right common iliiac

Question 22

What is the course of the left ureter?

Answer 22

1) Runs laterally to the inferior mesenteric vessels
2) Crossed by vessels of the INFERIOR MESENTERIC artery
3) Crosses anterior to left common iliac

Question 23

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

Answer 23

Through the urethral openings of the trigone

Question 24

What are the parts of the bladder?

Answer 24

Apex (anterior and superior)
Body
Fundus
Neck (posterior and inferior)

Question 25

In males, where is the bladder positioned?

Answer 25

Neck is fused to the prostate

Question 26

Where in females, is the bladder positioned?

Answer 26

On the pelvic floor

Question 27

What are the relations of the bladder in females?

Answer 27

Pubic synthesis Vagina Pelvic floor

Question 28

What are the relations to the bladder in the male?

Answer 28

Pubic synthesis Rectum Prostate

Question 29

What are the differences between male and female ureters?

Answer 29

Males are longer and have 4 parts

Question 30

What is inguinal canal?

Answer 30

The pathway taken by the testes as the gubernaculum shortens in development

Question 31

What makes up the floor of the inguinal canal?

Answer 31

Inguinal ligament | Lacunar ligament

Question 32

What forms the inguinal ligament?

Answer 32

Rolling up of the external oblique aponeurosis

Question 33

What forms the roof of the inguinal canal?

Answer 33

Transversalis fascia Transverse abdominis Internal oblique

Question 34

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 34

Internal oblique | Aponeurosis of the external obliques

Question 35

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 35

Transversalis fascia

Question 36

What does the inguinal canal contain?

Answer 36

Males - spermatic cord Females - round ligament Sensory nerves

Question 37

What does the gubernaculum become in males?

Answer 37

Scrotal ligament

Question 38

What does the gubernaculum become in females? Why?

Answer 38

Ovarian ligament and round ligament Gubernaculum is connected to ovaries and labia majora

Question 39

What is a direct hernia?

Answer 39

Hernia through the posterior wall

Question 40

What is an indirect hernia?

Answer 40

Intestines through inguinal canal

Question 41

What is the blood supply to the penis?

Answer 41

1) Bulbourethral arteries | 2) Internal pudendal artery (from INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY)

Question 42

What is the corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum of the penis? How can you tell the difference between the 2?

Answer 42

Erectile tissue of the penis Corpus spongiosum is contains the ureter and lies beneath to CC Corpus cavernsoa is paired

Question 43

What division of the nervous system is for erection?

Answer 43

Parasympathetic (point)

Question 44

What division of the nervous system is for ejaculation?

Answer 44

Sympathetic (shoot)

Question 45

What is the blood supply to the rectum?

Answer 45

Superior rectal arteries (branches from the inferior mesenteric artery)

Question 46

What is the glans of the penis?

Answer 46

The head

Question 47

What is the prepuce of the penis?

Answer 47

The foreskin

Question 48

What is the tunica albagenia in the penis?

Answer 48

Surrounds each capsule of corpus carnevous body

Question 49

What does the spermatic cord contain?

Answer 49

Veins Arteries Nerves Ducts

Question 50

What ducts are contained within the spermatic cord?

Answer 50

Lymph vessels | Ductus deferens

Question 51

What does the ductus deferens do?

Answer 51

Take sperm from the epididymis in the testicle to the ejaculatory gland

Question 52

Anything contained within the spermatic cord is also contained in what? How?

Answer 52

In the inguinal canal As the inguinal canal contains the spermatic cord

Question 53

Where is the inuguinal ligament to/from?

Answer 53

Anterior superior iliac spine Pubic tubercle

Question 54

Where is the pubic tubercle?

Answer 54

Either side of the pubic synthesis

Question 55

What is the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 55

Double layered membrane in the testies which contains a serous fluid and overlays the tunica albuginea (which surounds the testies)

Question 56

Where does the epidiymis lie?

Answer 56

Posteriorly to testes

Question 57

What makes sperm?

Answer 57

Seminiferous tubules in the testes

Question 58

What does the prostate do?

Answer 58

Make proteolytic enzymes which nourish and protect the sperm

Question 59

What does the seminal vesicles do?

Answer 59

Fuse with the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory gland Produce 70% volume of the sperm Nourishment

Question 60

Where are bulbourethral glands located?

Answer 60

Below the prostate

Question 61

What are relations to the seminal vesicles?

Answer 61

Bladder Prostate Ductus deferens

Question 62

What do the bulbourethral glands do?

Answer 62

Secrete alkali fluid - flush out the ureter before ejaculation (acidic urine)