Forearm and hand

Question 1

What is the interosseous membrane?

Answer 1

Membrane which separates the radius and the ulna

Question 2

What are the carpal bones?

Answer 2

Bones of the wrist:

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform

Hamate
Capitate
Trapeziod
Trapezium

Question 3

How can you tell the difference between the anterior and posterior of the carpal bones?

Answer 3

Antenterior - can see the pisiform and hook of hamate

Question 4

What is the carpal tunnel?

Answer 4

Formed by the curvature of the carpal bones and the overlying flexor retinaculum

Prevents the tendons from dangling

Question 5

What tendons pass through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 5

Flexor palmaris longus

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 6

What nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 6

The median nerve

Question 7

What forms the wrist joint?

Answer 7

The articulation of the scaphoid and lunate with the radius

Question 8

What are the metacarpals?

Answer 8

Long bones of the hand which sit between the carpals and the phalanges

Question 9

What is metacarpal I? V?

Answer 9

I is the thumb

V is the little finger

Question 10

Which digits have 3 phalanges?

Answer 10

II - V:
Proximal
Middle
Distal

Question 11

How many phalanges does the thumb have?

Answer 11

2:

Proximal and distal

Question 12

What is ALWAYS the insertion point for pronation/supranation?

Answer 12

The radius

Question 13

If a muscle crosses a joint, what does it do?

Answer 13

MOVES the joint

Question 14

What does ‘carpi’ mean?

Answer 14

The wrist

Question 15

What is the motor innervation of the hand?

Answer 15

ALL ulna apart from:
LOAF - median nerve
(Lateral lumbricals, thenar eminance)

Question 16

What is the sensory/cutaneous innervation of the hand?

Answer 16

Median nerve - WHOLE of thumb and half of ring finger (palmar side) and the DISTAL IP joint on the posterior side

Ulna - Half of ring finger to little finger (both sides)

Radial - From IP joint on the thumb and half ring finger

Question 17

In the anterior forearm, all of the muscles are supplied by the median nerve except….

Answer 17

1) ‘The one with ulna in its name’ - Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulna nerve)
2) ‘The profound one’ - Flexor digitorum profundus (1/2 ulna)
3) ‘The imposter’ - Brachioradialis (Radial)

Question 18

What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 18

Numbness near thumb and index finger

Difficulty grasping objects

Question 19

What are the causes of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 19

Pregnancy 
Diabetes 
Arthritis 
Family history 
Compression

Question 20

What are the treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome? (2)

Answer 20

1) Surgery - cut flexor retinaculum - relieve pressure

2) Splinting - keeps hand in neutral position (reduce pressure and symptoms)

Question 21

Where take an arterial blood gas sample from?

Answer 21

RADIAL artery

Question 22

What innervates all of the muscles of the anterior forearm and arm?

Answer 22

Radial artery

Question 23

How is the brachioradialis an ‘imposter’?

Answer 23

Extensor origin and innervation

Acts as a flexor of the elbow

Question 24

Which muscle allows the separate extension of the little finger?

Answer 24

Extensor digiti minimi

Question 25

What makes the medial border of the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 25

The tendon of the extensor pollicis longus

Question 26

What makes the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 26

The tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis The tendon of the abductor pollicis longus

Question 27

Which artery gives rise to the common digital arteries?

Answer 27

Superior palmar arch

Question 28

What causes wrist drop?

Answer 28

Damage to the radial nerve PROXIMALLY to the elbow (axilla or radial groove)